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921.
Ana Marçalo Luísa Mateus José Henrique Duarte Correia Pedro Serra Rob Fryer Yorgos Stratoudakis 《Marine Biology》2006,149(6):1509-1518
Observations from the purse seine fishery off northern Portugal are used to describe the early dynamics of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) stress reactions and identify likely stressors during the commercial fishing operation. Sardine blood and muscle were sampled from the onset of fishing (school identification and encircling) to the end of fish transfer onboard (90–120 min later). The evolution of haematocrit, haemoglobin, cortisol, glucose, ionic concentrations, ATP and its catabolites were modelled using linear mixed models as a function of time spent in the net, biological (sex, reproductive state and condition) and operational variables (catch, light level and phase of fishing operation). Significant linear trends with time were detected for most stress variables and mean concentrations after 2 h in the net were similar to literature values corresponding to acute stress reactions for teleosts. Biological variables were rarely significant and explained a small proportion of variation, while operational variables were never significant. For each stress variable, levels varied considerably between trips but the temporal evolution was common across trips. Random trip effects were uncorrelated among most biochemical variables, suggesting that distinct factors affected each stress variable during the sampled trips. However, the linear trend with time spent in the net observed for most stress variables indicates that the duration of the fishing operation is an important stressor in purse seine fishing due to the progressive water volume restriction, crowding and manipulation associated to the fishing method. 相似文献
922.
Method for Selection of Old-Forest Reserves 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
923.
Paula C. Díaz Christoph Grüter Walter M. Farina 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(10):1589-1597
Floral scents are important information cues used to organize foraging-related tasks in honeybees. The waggle dance, apart
from encoding spatial information about food sources, might facilitate the transfer of olfactory information by increasing
the dissipation of volatiles brought back by successful foragers. By assuming that food scents are more intensive on specific
body parts of returning foragers, i.e., the posterior legs of pollen foragers and mouthparts of nectar foragers, we quantified
the interactions between hive mates and foragers during dances advertising different types of food sources. For natural sources,
a higher proportion of hive mates contacted the hind legs of pollen dancers (where the pollen loads were located) with their
heads compared to non-pollen dancers. On the other hand, the proportion of head-to-head contacts was higher for non-pollen
foragers during the waggle runs. When the food scent was manipulated, dancers collecting scented sugar solution had a higher
proportion of head-to-head contacts and a lower proportion around their hind legs compared to dancers collecting unscented
solution. The presence of food odors did not affect in-hive behaviors of dancers, but it increased the number of trophallaxes
in-between waggle runs (i.e., during circle phases). These results suggest that the honeybee dance facilitates the olfactory
information transfer between incoming foragers and hive mates, and we propose that excitatory displays in other social insect
species serve the same purpose. While recent empirical and theoretical findings suggested that the colony level foraging benefits
of the spatial information encoded in the waggle dance vary seasonally and with habitats, the role of the dance as a compound
signal not only indicating the presence of a profitable resource but also amplifying the information transfer regarding floral
odors may be important under any ecological circumstances. 相似文献
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927.
Dielle Monteiro Teixeira Juliana Merces Hernandez Luciana Damascena Silva Darleise de Souza Oliveira Paula Katharine de Pontes Spada Tereza Cristina Monteiro Gurjão Joana D’Arc Pereira Mascarenhas Alexandre Costa Linhares Lena Líllian Canto de Sá Morais Yvone Benchimol Gabbay 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(1):101-104
Noroviruses are the major cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans, with few reports about the occurrence of the norovirus GIV strain. We investigated the presence of norovirus GIV in surface water (river, bay, and stream) and untreated sewage, and we determined a positivity rate of 9.4 % (9/96). The strains genotyped were GIV.1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GIV in Brazil. 相似文献
928.
Rodolfo Salm Lisa Feder Mario Augusto Gonçalves Jardim Nefertiti Hass Euphly Jalles-Filho Ana Maria Costa 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):161-173
In a meeting between FUNAI (the Brazilian Indian National Foundation) and the Kayapo in the Kayapo village of Aukre, in October
2005, the Kayapo Indians requested support to increase the culture of coconuts (Cocos nucifera) in their lands. The introduction of exotic species is a cause of biological diversity loss throughout the world. However,
this is by no means applicable to all kinds of exotic species. We argue that the culture of coconuts may actually be a useful
tool for the conservation of this country’s indigenous lands, despite criticism to the contrary. It may also be useful as
source for raw material for the indigenous people who are presently experiencing a population boom. For the Kayapo of south-eastern
Amazonia, such a demographic explosion, coupled with their increasing dependence on money to purchase industrialized goods,
tend to substantially increase the pressure on their lands, which still contain a substantial amount of well-preserved seasonally-dry
Amazonian forests. We investigated the actual economic relevance of coconuts for the Kayapo by measuring human and coconut
populations and found that this exotic palm is not important for the subsistence of these Indians, due to coconut scarcity,
and that such importance is not forthcoming. In the Amazon, coconuts may be particularly useful for the Indians’ nutrition
due to the high energetic value of the solid endosperm of the mature fruit. Therefore, given the importance of indigenous
lands for the conservation of the Amazonian forests, the encouragement of subsistence coconut cultures in indigenous lands
is defensible as a measure for the conservation of biodiversity. 相似文献
929.