全文获取类型
收费全文 | 414篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 39篇 |
废物处理 | 33篇 |
环保管理 | 34篇 |
综合类 | 48篇 |
基础理论 | 92篇 |
污染及防治 | 135篇 |
评价与监测 | 26篇 |
社会与环境 | 14篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 21篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有421条查询结果,搜索用时 562 毫秒
151.
The variability of mercury (Hg) levels in Swedish freshwater fish during almost 50 years was assessed based on a compilation of 44 927 observations from 2881 waters. To obtain comparable values, individual Hg concentrations of fish from any species and of any size were normalized to correspond to a standard 1-kg pike [median: 0.69 mg kg?1 wet weight (ww), mean ± SD: 0.84 ± 0.67 mg kg?1 ww]. The EU Environmental Quality Standard of 0.02 mg kg?1 was exceeded in all waters, while the guideline set by FAO/WHO for Hg levels in fish used for human consumption (0.5–1.0 mg kg?1) was exceeded in 52.5 % of Swedish waters after 2000. Different trend analysis approaches indicated an overall long-term decline of at least 20 % during 1965–2012 but trends did not follow any consistent regional pattern. During the latest decade (2003–2012), however, a spatial gradient has emerged with decreasing trends predominating in southwestern Sweden. 相似文献
152.
Anders Stigebrandt Lars Rahm Lena Viktorsson Malin Ödalen Per O. J. Hall Bengt Liljebladh 《Ambio》2014,43(5):634-643
The external phosphorus (P) loading has been halved, but the P content in the water column and the area of anoxic bottoms in Baltic proper has increased during the last 30 years. This can be explained by a temporary internal source of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) that is turned on when the water above the bottom sediment becomes anoxic. A load-response model, explaining the evolution from 1980 to 2005, suggests that the average specific DIP flux from anoxic bottoms in the Baltic proper is about 2.3 g P m−2 year−1. This is commensurable with fluxes estimated in situ from anoxic bottoms in the open Baltic proper and from hydrographic data in the deep part of Bornholm Basin. Oxygenation of anoxic bottoms, natural or manmade, may quickly turn off the internal P source from anoxic bottoms. This new P-paradigm should have far-reaching implications for abatement of eutrophication in the Baltic proper.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0441-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献153.
Elisabeth Nyberg Suzanne Faxneld Sara Danielsson Ulla Eriksson Aroha Miller Anders Bignert 《Ambio》2015,44(3):484-497
In the 1960s, the Baltic Sea was severely polluted by organic contaminants such as PCBs, HCHs, HCB, and DDTs. Elevated concentrations caused severe adverse effects in Baltic biota. Since then, these substances have been monitored temporally and spatially in Baltic biota, primarily in herring (Clupea harengus) and in guillemot (Uria aalge) egg, but also in cod (Gadus morhua), perch (Perca fluviatilis), eelpout (Zoarces viviparous), and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). These chemicals were banned in Sweden in the late 1970s/early 1980s. Since the start of monitoring, overall significant decreases of about 70–90 % have been observed. However, concentrations are still higher in the Baltic Sea than in, for example, the North Sea. CB-118 and DDE exceed the suggested target concentrations (24 µg kg?1 lipid weight and 5 µg kg?1 wet weight, respectively) at certain sites in some of the monitored species, showing that concentrations may still be too high to protect the most sensitive organisms. 相似文献
154.
Andreas C. Bryhn Mikaela A. J. Bergenius Peter H. Dimberg Anders Adill 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):10073-10084
The main aim of this study was to investigate the number and biomass of impinged fish at Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant in Sweden, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Of particular interest was the number of impinged individuals of the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) which is regularly caught in the cooling system. Another aim was to determine the comparability of the results from Forsmark and results from impingement studies in other types of waters. Cross-systems studies make it possible to (1) estimate fish loss at plants where fish is not counted, and (2) to predict changes in fish loss from changes in electricity production or cooling water use. In 2010, 31,300,000 fish with a total biomass of 62,600 kg were impinged at Forsmark. In 2011, 27,300,000 fish weighing 38,500 kg were impinged. The maximum peak in total fish number and biomass occurred in spring. The most critical period for herring was in late summer and early autumn. Regarding eel, the largest impingement losses were recorded in November. The number of fish agreed with earlier established quantities of impinged fish in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. The study also estimated that 1,300 critically endangered eels could survive at Forsmark each year if a fish return system would be constructed to allow the passage of fish from the plant back to the Baltic Sea. 相似文献
155.
Focus is placed on substrate pre-treatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) as a means of increasing biogas yields using today's diversified substrate sources. Current pre-treatment methods to improve AD are being examined with regard to their effects on different substrate types, highlighting approaches and associated challenges in evaluating substrate pre-treatment in AD systems and its influence on the overall system of evaluation. WWTP residues represent the substrate type that is most frequently assessed in pre-treatment studies, followed by energy crops/harvesting residues, organic fraction of municipal solid waste, organic waste from food industry and manure. The pre-treatment effects are complex and generally linked to substrate characteristics and pre-treatment mechanisms. Overall, substrates containing lignin or bacterial cells appear to be the most amendable to pre-treatment for enhancing AD. Approaches used to evaluate AD enhancement in different systems is further reviewed and challenges and opportunities for improved evaluations are identified. 相似文献
156.
The acute toxicity of monodispersed 6 nm and <100 nm poly-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles toward Daphnia magna was assessed using 48 h immobilization tests. CuSO4 was used as a reference. Four different exposure conditions were tested, to study whether the toxicity of the nanoparticle suspensions changed in a way similar to what is known for dissolved Cu: first in ISO standard test conditions (pH 7.8), second with slight acidity (pH 6.5), third in the presence of citric acid, and fourth in the presence of humic acid. For all four exposure conditions, the toxicity of Cu employed in the three forms followed the same sequence, i.e., CuSO4 > monodispersed 6 nm CuO ? poly-dispersed CuO. The toxicity of all Cu forms decreased from pH 6.5, ? pH 7.8, > pH 7.8 + citric acid, to ? pH 7.8 + humic acid. This pattern is in agreement with concentrations of Cu2+ calculated using the equilibrium model MINTEQ. These findings show that the acute toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles is governed by test water composition and the chemical species Cu2+. 相似文献
157.
Shuhe Wei Iwona Anders Urs Feller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7624-7630
The focus of this article was to explore the translocation of 109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, and 134Cs via xylem and phloem in the newly found hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. Two experiments with the uptake via the roots and transport of 109Cd, 57Co, and 65Zn labeled by roots, and the redistribution of 109Cd, 65Zn, 57Co, 63Ni, and 134Cs using flap label in S. nigrum in a hydroponic culture with a standard nutrient solution were conducted. The results showed that 109Cd added for 24 h to the nutrient medium of young plants was rapidly taken up, transferred to the shoot, and accumulated in the cotyledons and the oldest leaves but was not efficiently redistributed within the shoot afterward leading to a rather low content in the fruits. In contrast, 57Co was more slowly taken up and released to the shoot, but afterward, this element was redistributed from older leaves to younger leaves and maturing fruits. 65Zn was rapidly taken up and transferred to the shoot (mainly to the youngest leaves and not to the cotyledons). Afterward, this radionuclide was redistributed within the shoot to the youngest organs and finally accumulated in the maturing fruits. After flap labeling, all five heavy metals tested (109Cd, 57Co, 65Zn, 63Ni, 134Cs) were exported from the labeled leaf and redistributed within the plant. The accumulation in the fruits was most pronounced for 63Ni and 65Zn, while a relatively high percentage of 57Co was finally found in the roots. 134Cs was roughly in the middle of them. The transport of 109Cd differed from that previously reported for wheat or lupin and might be important for the potential of S. nigrum to hyperaccumulate cadmium. 相似文献
158.
159.
Kerstin Litzén 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(5):386-403
1964~1999年,对三个受不同污染的瑞典白尾海雕亚种群[波罗的海沿岸种群(Bp)、瑞典中部内陆种群(Ip)和拉普兰种群(Lp)]的繁殖进行了监测. 相似文献
160.
Ulf Landstrm Per Lfstedt Elisabeth kerlund Anders Kjellberg Per Wide 《Environment international》1990,16(4-6)
This paper describes a field study of the correlation between annoyance and occupational exposure to noise. Measurements of noise and annoyance were made in different types of working environments with noise dominated by low-frequency, middle-frequency or high-frequency components. The noise was described in terms of dB(A), dB(B), dB(C), dB(D), and dB(lin). Annoyance ratings of the occupational noise and of two verbally described reference noises were collected, using a rating scale. As a result of calibration, a better correlation between noise level and rated annoyance was obtained. The A-weighting procedure did not produce a better prediction of annoyance than any of the other weighting methods. 相似文献