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In this study we analyzed and modelled spatial distribution of hard bottom benthic communities in the Lagoon of Venice, and used the model to derive functional response of these communities to changing environmental conditions. 相似文献
53.
Agata Gallipoli Camilla M.Braguglia Andrea Gianico Daniele Montecchio Pamela Pagliaccia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):167-179
Biowaste valorization through anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to achieve both climate protection goals and renewable energy production.In this paper,a complete set of batch trials was carried out on kitchen waste to investigate the effects of mild thermal pretreatment,temperature regimen and substrate/inoculum ratio.Thermal pretreatment was effective in the solubilisation of macromolecular fractions,particularly carbohydrates.The ability of the theoretical methodologies in estimating... 相似文献
54.
Stefano Grigolato Omar Mologni Andrea Rosario Proto Giuseppe Zimbalatti Raffaele Cavalli 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(2):88
The use of helicopter rises discussion about environmental noise propagation especially when it operates in proximity of environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) for an extended period because of its potential implications in wildlife behaviours. In order to support decisions on helicopter logging operation management in proximity of ESAs, this study focused on (i) analysing the noise spectrum of a light-lift helicopter during logging operations and on (ii) assessing the noise propagation in the surrounding environments. This study investigated a helicopter logging operation for wood fuel extraction in the eastern part of the Italian Alps. The potential disturbance area covered for the entire helicopter logging operation was evaluated by a specific GIS application according to hearing sensitivity of the most sensitive wildlife species in the study area (different strigiform species). The noise level at the ground appeared to be affected by the location regardless both the use of equivalent continuous sound pressures level dB(A) (LAeq) and the single-event level (SEL) noise metrics. The lowest values were recorded when the helicopter was flown over the sound meter level located under the forest canopy, while the highest was recorded when the helicopter was unhooking the loads at the landing. The GIS application highlighted the consistent of the exceeded noise area (weighted to strigiform hearing range and sensitivity) for the lower frequency bands (0.016–0.250 kHz). A more restricted exceeded noise area concerned instead the most sensitive frequency bands" for the strigiform (1–2 kHz). 相似文献
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1. The HGPRT (Hypoxanthine‐Guanine‐Phospho‐Ribosyl‐Transferase) assay with Chinese Hamster V79 cells was used to measure the mutagenic effects of UV irradiation, potassium dichromate and nickel chloride. The agents were tested separately and in the combinations of UV plus nickel and dichromate plus nickel. 2. UV, Cr(VI) and Ni(II) were confirmed to be mutagenic in the V79 cell assay. The combination of UV(5J/m2) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) caused a mutation rate 11.2 times above that corresponding to the sum of the individual mutation rates of these agents. The combined action of Cr(VI) (0.1 mM) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) produced a mutation rate 2.8 fold above that corresponding to the sum of the individual rates of the separate agents. 3. The enhancing effect of nickel chloride on the mutagenicity of UV or Cr(VI) is interpreted by an interference of Ni(II) with the repair of DNA lesions. 相似文献
57.
Andrea Hartwig Ursula Kasten Kwabena Boakye‐Dankwa Regina Schlepegrell Detmar Beyersmann 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):205-215
Literature data concerning the genotoxicity of cobalt salts have been conflicting. To establish appropriate incubation conditions, we conducted a series of uptake studies, before genotoxicity was determined by DNA strand break induction in HeLa cells and mutagenicity in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Co(II) is taken up by HeLa cells in a concentration‐dependent manner and is accumulated inside the cell. The uptake is preceded by a fast association step to the outer membrane, with no saturation up to 24 h. DNA strand breaks as determined by nucleoid sedimentation are induced at concentrations as low as 50μMCoCl2. The induction is time‐dependent, showing the highest number of breaks after 4h incubation with no further increase up to 24h. CoCl2 is mutagenic at the HPRT‐locus, enhancing the spontaneous mutation frequency 4.2‐fold at 100μ?. Besides direct interactions with DNA, the mutagenicity of CoCl2 could also be due to a decrease in the Fidelity of DNA polymerisation. 相似文献
58.
Donelle M. Robinson Andrea S. Aspbury Caitlin R. Gabor 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(5):705-711
Selection should favor strategies that reduce costs associated with spermatogenesis. This is especially true when males are
sympatric with closely related species, and must avoid heterospecific matings, as in the unisexual–bisexual species complex
of mollies. Male sailfin mollies, Poecilia latipinna, are sexually parasitized by Amazon mollies (P. formosa), and produce more sperm in the presence of female sailfin mollies than in the presence of Amazon mollies. We tested the
hypothesis that male sailfin mollies differentially expend sperm when mating with either conspecific or heterospecific females.
We measured sperm expenditure by determining the amount of sperm males have remaining after mating. Male sailfin mollies had
more sperm available after mating with female sailfin mollies than after mating with Amazon mollies. While this result could
indicate higher sperm expenditure to Amazon mollies, males mating with female sailfin mollies had more sperm available after
mating than their baseline sperm reserves. Spermiation, the last stage of spermatogenesis, could be triggered by physical
contact with females, and could increase sperm availability during mating. We examined the relationship between sperm availability
and the amount of time that males mated with females. We found that sperm availability increased as mating trial time increased
with female sailfin mollies, but not with Amazon mollies. Spermiation in the presence of conspecific female stimuli could
reduce physiological costs associated with spermatogenesis while increasing the amount and quality of sperm available for
sperm competition. We suggest that future studies examining sperm priming and expenditure should consider the potential for
spermiation. 相似文献
59.
Thomas Abeli Sarah Dalrymple Sandrine Godefroid Andrea Mondoni Jonas V. Müller Graziano Rossi Simone Orsenigo 《Conservation biology》2020,34(2):303-313
The alarming current and predicted species extinction rates have galvanized conservationists in their efforts to avoid future biodiversity losses, but for species extinct in the wild, few options exist. We posed the questions, can these species be restored, and, if so, what role can ex situ plant collections (i.e., botanic gardens, germplasm banks, herbaria) play in the recovery of plant genetic diversity? We reviewed the relevant literature to assess the feasibility of recovering lost plant genetic diversity with using ex situ material and the probability of survival of subsequent translocations. Thirteen attempts to recover species extinct in the wild were found, most of which used material preserved in botanic gardens (12) and seed banks (2). One case of a locally extirpated population was recovered from herbarium material. Eight (60%) of these cases were successful or partially successful translocations of the focal species or population; the other 5 failed or it was too early to determine the outcome. Limiting factors of the use of ex situ source material for the restoration of plant genetic diversity in the wild include the scarcity of source material, low viability and reduced longevity of the material, low genetic variation, lack of evolution (especially for material stored in germplasm banks and herbaria), and socioeconomic factors. However, modern collecting practices present opportunities for plant conservation, such as improved collecting protocols and improved cultivation and storage conditions. Our findings suggest that all types of ex situ collections may contribute effectively to plant species conservation if their use is informed by a thorough understanding of the aforementioned problems. We conclude that the recovery of plant species currently classified as extinct in the wild is not 100% successful, and the possibility of successful reintroduction should not be used to justify insufficient in situ conservation. 相似文献
60.
Jordan Wood Jonathan D. Ballou Taylor Callicrate Jeremie B. Fant M. Patrick Griffith Andrea T. Kramer Robert C. Lacy Abby Meyer Sara Sullivan Kathy Traylor-Holzer Seana K. Walsh Kayri Havens 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1416-1425
Maintaining a living plant collection is the most common method of ex situ conservation for plant species that cannot be seed banked (i.e., exceptional species). Viability of living collections, and their value for future conservation efforts, can be limited without coordinated efforts to track and manage individuals across institutions. Using a pedigree-focused approach, the zoological community has established an inter-institutional infrastructure to support long-term viability of captive animal populations. We assessed the ability of this coordinated metacollection infrastructure to support the conservation of 4 plant species curated in living collections at multiple botanic gardens around the world. Limitations in current practices include the inability to compile, share, and analyze plant collections data at the individual level, as well as difficulty in tracking original provenance of ex situ material. The coordinated metacollection framework used by zoos can be adopted by the botanical community to improve conservation outcomes by minimizing the loss of genetic diversity in collections. We suggest actions to improve ex situ conservation of exceptional plant species, including developing a central database to aggregate data and track unique individuals of priority threatened species among institutions and adapting a pedigree-based population management tool that incorporates life-history aspects unique to plants. If approached collaboratively across regional, national, and global scales, these actions could transform ex situ conservation of threatened plant species. 相似文献