Pilot-scale studies of domestic wastewater treatment by typical constructed wetlands and their greenhouse gas emissions

Three typical constructed wetlands (CWs) including Vertical Flow (VF), Free Water Surface (FWS), and Subsurface Flow (SF), and combined VF-SF-FWS constructed wetlands were investigated for the treatment of domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio. The performance of nutrient removal and the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions, such as CH₄ and N₂O, from these CWs were compared. The results indicated that the four types of CWs had high removal efficiencies for organic matter and suspended solid (SS). The combined wetland also showed a comparatively good performance for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 81.3% and 84.5%, respectively. The combined CWs had a comparative lower global warming potential. The FWS CW had the highest tendency to emit CH₄ and led to a higher global warming potential among the four types of CWs, which was about 586 mg CO₂/m²·h.     

酸性废水处理试验研究

精细化工厂生产过程中排放酸性废水,盐化工厂产生碱性盐泥,可用之中和酸性废水。用两种方案确定反应比例关系。经过讨论建议选用方案二为实际应用方案。     

信号分子对类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)碳源利用的影响

类球红细菌拥有cer群体感应系统.它既有细胞间信息传递的功能,也对碳源利用进行调节.为调查自诱导物对碳源利用的影响,在仅少量EDTA作唯一能源物的培养基中加入N-(tetradecanoyl)-DL-homoserine lactone,通过测定活菌数变化观察这种类球红细菌自诱导物的结构类似物对碳源利用的影响.然后利用Biolog-GN鉴定板,在加入外源信号分子和对照的条件下,研究了类球红细菌正常培养与饥饿培养下对95种单一碳源的不同利用情况.结果表明,在存在信号分子的饥饿情况下,细菌能更好的利用EDTA维持活菌数量.当培养到6h的时候,加入信号分子培养的鉴定板中,正常培养情况下细菌对碳源的利用丰富度指数最高;而在饥饿培养情况下细菌能利用更多种类的碳源.     

Assessment on the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus of Beijing surface water based on GIS system and multivariate statistical approaches

This paper presented the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Beijing surface water during the survey. A significant difference was found out in concentration distribution of various parameters of nitrogen and phosphorus. Most water bodies in five water systems were polluted by total nitrogen with the content even up to 120 mg/L which was higher than exceeded the fifth class standard of national surface water quality standard GB3838-2002 except for several segments of Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe. Ammonia and phosphorus showed a similar tendency of distribution with higher content in Daqinghe, Beiyunhe and Jiyunhe water systems, but with relatively low concentrations in Chaobaihe and Yongdinghe water systems. Meanwhile, nitrate was found at comparatively low content (mostly less than 10 mg/L) and could fit for corresponding water quality requirements. Totally, the water quality of Daqinghe, Jiyunhe and Beiyunhe river systems as well as the lower reaches of Yongdinghe and Chaobaihe was contaminated seriously with high content of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Through multivariate statistical approaches, it can be concluded that total nitrogen, ammonia and total phosphorus was highly correlated to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity,which explained the same pollution source from anthropogenic activities.     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different soil fractions by persulfate oxidation

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different soil fractions of contaminated soil was investigated by using activated persulfate oxidation remediation in our research. The results showed that the light fraction, which accounted for only 10% of the soil, contained 30% of the PAHs at a concentration of 4352?mg/kg. The heavy fraction contained more high-molecular-weight PAHs, and the total PAH concentration was 625?mg/kg. After being oxidized, the removal rate of PAHs was 39% in the light fraction and nearly 90% in the heavy fraction. Among the different fractions of the heavy fraction, humic acid contained the highest concentration of PAHs, and consequently, the highest removal efficiency of PAHs was also in humic acid. Compared with the light fraction, the heavy fraction has more aromatic compounds and those compounds were broken down during the oxidation process, which may be the removal mechanism involved in the oxidation of high-ring PAHs. Similarly, the enhancement of C = C bonds after oxidation can also explain the poor removal of high-ring PAHs in the light fraction. These results imply that different fractions of soil vary in composition and structure, leading to differences in the distribution and oxidation efficiencies of PAHs.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

萍乡市土壤中重金属离子含量、空间分布及其变化趋势研究

以江西省萍乡地区土壤为研究对象,分析研究了萍乡市土壤中重金属离子的含量及空间分布特征,并初步估算了重金属离子累积现速率和加速度.结果表明:萍乡市土壤整体环境质量较好,但随着社会经济的快速发展,工农业生产等人为活动对土壤的影响越来越大.从空间分布来看,在全市5个县区布置的52个采样点中,共有24个测点的重金属离子含量超标.其中上栗县有10个测点的重金属离子含量超标,明显多于其他县区,出现了与其他县区不同的污染特征.     

化工铬渣冷固结球团还原解毒实验研究

采用铬渣冷固结球团方法来处理铬渣，研究了不同原料配比的铬渣冷固结球团的成球性能和强度，并用煤气进行了球团的还原实验。结果表明：铬渣的成球性能较好，在自然养护20d后，球团的抗压强度可达30kg／球以上。在900℃用煤气还原铬渣冷固结球团后，铬渣中的Cr^6含量在5mg／L以下：在1200℃还原后，有的铬渣中未检出Cr^6铬渣完全解毒，还原后的铬渣冷固结球团可进行综合利用。     

CALPUFF模型在大气环境容量测算中的应用研究

本研究利用CALPUFF空气质量扩散模式模拟了凉山州2007年气象场和s02浓度场,通过现状监测结果与模拟结果的比较评述了模型的适用性;并根据西昌市现状污染源和虚拟污染源情况,通过CALPUFF模拟建立大气污染物传递矩阵,结合线性优化模型测算了西昌市大气环境容量。     

铁碳微电解技术应用与研究

铁碳微电解作为一种"以废治废"的高效废水预处理技术受到人们的广泛关注,近几十年来广泛应用于废水处理工程实践中.为了进一步提高铁碳微电解技术的处理效果,很有必要对铁碳微电解技术的反应机理深入了解,对影响铁碳微电解处理效果的各种因素进行探讨,并剖析近年来铁碳微电解技术在废水预处理应用方面的研究成果,总结该技术存在的问题并探究相应的改进技术,最后对该技术未来研究方向和发展趋势进行了展望.