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61.
Agrawal Pankaj Araújo Aylanna P. M. Brito Gustavo F. Cavalcanti Shirley N. Alves Amanda M. Freitas Daniel M. G. Mélo Tomás J. A. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1777-1788
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This work aims to investigate the effect of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) and vermiculite (OVT) clays on the properties of poly(lactic acid)... 相似文献
62.
Particulate matter (PM) is both a major driver of climate change and a source of toxicity for health. In the upper atmosphere, particulate matter modifies the earth radiation budget, cloud formation and acts as a reaction center for air pollutants. In the lower atmosphere, particulate matter changes atmospheric visibility and alters biogeochemical cycles and meteorology. Most critical effects are observed in ambient air, where particulate matter degrades human health. Here we review the sources, spatial and temporal variability, and toxicity of PM10, the particulate matter having particle sizes 10 micrometers or less in diameter, in world regions. For that we analyzed information from the world wide web and databases from government organizations after the year 2000. Findings show that PM10 is a major risk in both developed and developing countries. This risk is more severe in Asian countries compared to Europe and USA, where decreasing trends are recorded during the last two decades. Meteorological factors modify particulate matter variations at local and regional levels. PM2.5/PM10 ratio provides information of particulate matter sources under different environment conditions. Crustal matter, road traffic and combustion of fuels are major sources of particulate matter pollution. Health studies indicate that long-term exposure to particulate matter has multiple health effects in people from all age groups. Identification of possible sources and their control with regular epidemiological monitoring could decrease the impact of particulate matter pollution. 相似文献
63.
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65.
Agrawal Yash Gupta Trilok Sharma Ravi K. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):268-286
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The present study focuses on utilizing stockpiled dolomite quarry waste for sustainable and cleaner production of concrete. Natural river sand is... 相似文献
66.
Plant defense against herbivores often involves constitutive and inducible mechanisms of resistance. Obligate ant-plants,
which provide food and housing for ants, are thought to primarily rely on ants for defense against herbivores. This form of
plant defense has largely been viewed as static. We have been investigating the dynamic nature of Azteca ants as an inducible defense of Cecropia trees. Ants rapidly recruit to and patrol sites of foliar damage. We propose that Azteca ants can be viewed as an inducible defense for Cecropia trees because of their sensitivity to cues associated with herbivory, their rapid and aggressive recruiting ability, and
their reclaimable and redeployable nature as a plant defense. In this study, we examine ant behavior following plant damage,
and the potential cues that indude ant recruitment. We found that ants present on leaves when the plant is damaged leave the
damaged leaf and recruit other ants to it, presumably by laying recruitment trails. Volatile leaf cues associated with herbivory
were important in eliciting an induced response in two experiments. However, we found that cues associated with a congeneric
plant elicited a much stronger ant response than conspecific cues. Although the type of leaf damage (gaping wounds versus
leaf edge wounds) did not affect the level of ant recruitment, the extent of damage did. Leaves with one hole punched showed
a 50% increase in ants, while leaves with five holes punched in them elicited a 100% increase in ant numbers. In sum, it appears
that multiple plant-related cues associated with herbivory are involved in induction of ant recruitment in the Cecropia-Azteca system. We discuss the generality of ant responses to herbivory in obligate ant-plant systems, and in facultative ant-plant
associations, which may be more common.
Received: 23 March 1998 / Accepted after revision: 5 July 1998 相似文献
67.
Singh R Singh S Tripathi R Agrawal SB 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(2):139-145
Present study is conducted to evaluate the response of bean (Dolichos lablabcv . pusa early prolific) plants to supplemental UV-B (sUV-B: 280-315 nm: 7.2 kJ m(-2) d(-1)) radiation. UV-B caused alteration in biomass translocation pattern with more retention of biomass in below ground parts leading to an increment in root shoot ratio. Specific leaf area (SLA) which is the measure of leaf thinness, increased in plants under sUV-B exposure by 95.7 and 82.3% after 15 and 30 days after germination. Photosynthetic machinery of bean plants was the potential target of UV-B as photosynthetic rate was decreased by 88.6% at 30 days after germination. sUV-B lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species thus generating oxidative stress. Stimulation of antioxidant defense system (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) was observed due to sUV-B radiation. Phenolic content decreased (34.7 and 18.6%) but protein showed varied response, increased initially (34%) thereafter declined (10.2%) under sUV-B radiation. 相似文献
68.
Archana S. Patil Anand P. Gadad Ravindra D. Hiremath Panchakshari M. Dandagi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(2):596-606
The objective of the present study was to synthesize and evaluate the effect of change in concentration of chitosan (CS) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)- a cross linking agent, on various properties such as lower critical solution temperature (LCST), zeta potential, particle size and poly dispersity index (PDI) of the synthesized co-polymer. Nine different formulations of chitosan-g-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (CS-g-PNIPAAm) co-polymer with varying CS and MBA concentrations were synthesized by a surfactant free dispersion copolymerization method. The synthesized co-polymer was further characterized and confirmed for its structure, morphology, particle size, zeta-potential, thermo and pH responsive properties, in-vitro cyto-compatability and stability studies using various analytical tools. The data confirms the successful synthesis of co-polymer. The increase in the concentrations of CS and MBA during the polymerization of co-polymer, resulted in proportional increase of LCST and zeta potential with decrease in particle size of co-polymeric nanoparticles. pH responsive studies showed that as the pH of the medium increases particle size and zeta potential decreases with increase in LCST of co-polymeric nanoparticles. From the results, it can be inferred that the synthesized co-polymeric nanoparticles exerted thermo and pH responsive properties with biocompatibility. By varying the CS and MBA concentrations in the co-polymer, desired LCST, particle size and zeta potential for co-polymeric nanoparticles can be obtained and thus the synthesized co-polymer may have great potential to be used as a drug carrier (nanoform) with both thermo and pH responsiveness. 相似文献
69.
Heterobimetallic complexes of the type Ni[Cu(SCN)2]2 · L (where L = acetophenone benzoylhydrazone, acetophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone, acetophenone salicyloylhydrazone (ash), acetophenone anthraniloylhydrazone, p-hydroxy acetophenone benzoylhydrazone, p-hydroxy acetophenone isonicotinoyl hydrazone p-hydroxy acetophenone salicyloylhydrazone (phash), p-hydroxy acetophenone anthraniloyl hydrazone), were synthesized and characterized. The complexes are polymeric, insoluble in common organic solvents and are nonelectrolytes. Magnetic moments and electronic spectral studies suggest a spin-free octahedral geometry for the complexes. IR spectra show the bidentate nature of all the ligands bonding through >C=O and >C=N–groups. The SCN group acts as a bridge between two metal centers. X-ray powder diffraction parameters for Ni[Cu(SCN)2]2 · ash and Ni[Cu(SCN)2]2 · phash correspond to orthorhombic and tetrahedral crystal lattices, respectively, for these complexes. The complexes show a significant antifungal activity against Rizoctonia, Stemphylium and Aspergillus sp. and antibacterial activity against Clostridium and Pseudomonas sp. The metal complexes are more active than the ligands. 相似文献
70.
The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity reduction of wastewaster after treatment with fly ash. Fly ash is a waste material which is formed as a result of coal burning in power plants, but has the potential to adsorb heavy metal ions. The present study examined the adsorption capacity of fly ash to adsorb Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ from waste water under different conditions of contact time, pH, and temperature. Uptake of metal ions by fly ash generally rose with increasing pH. At lower temperatures the uptake of heavy metal adsorption were enhanced. Significant reduction in Pb2+ (79%), Cu2+ (53%), and Zn2+ (80%) content was found after treatment with fly ash of waste water treatment. Using the microtox test toxicity of the effluent was reduced by 75% due to removal of Pb2+ ion by the fly ash. Data indicated that fly ash generated by power plants may be used beneficially to remove metals from waste water. 相似文献