Minimizing human health effects of urban air pollution through quantification and control of motor vehicular carbon monoxide (CO) in Lahore

Impact of urban air pollution has variety of focuses such as urban ecology, human health, economy, etc. But human health is always given priority. Air pollution is threat to the lives of people living in big cities of Pakistan. In Lahore only there die 1,250 people annually because of air pollution. A strong correlation exists between urban air pollution and human health in Lahore. Growth of COPD is highest among other air pollution borne diseases. Existing mass transit system (one of driving forces behind motor vehicular emission) in Lahore due to frequent stoppages, entering and exit in flow of traffic causes excess discharge of motor vehicular carbon monoxide (CO) which is a hazardous to human health. Quantification and enumeration of this discharge is essential for environmental management. The paper is an attempt to highlight human health effects of urban air pollution through correlation and regression analysis. Further it is focused upon quantifying excess motor vehicular carbon monoxide through application of simplified mobile emission model. In light of results emission control measures are recommended.     

模拟废水中钯的微生物回收及其对亚甲基蓝的催化特性

以粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Z5菌株(CCTCC M2012445)为菌种资源,探讨了其在外源电子供体条件下以纳米颗粒形式回收溶液中钯的可能性,研究了工业废液(IW)、废旧电路板(PCBS)和废汽车催化剂(SAC)3种模拟废水中钯的回收率,分析了废水中其它离子对钯回收率的影响.结果表明,粪肠球菌Z5菌株可以从3种模拟废水中回收钯纳米颗粒.X射线衍射和透射电镜分析表明,回收产物为10 nm左右粒径的钯纳米颗粒,主要分布于细胞周质.3种废水中钯的回收率依次为IWSACPCBS,其中吸附率依次为99.8%(6 h)、99.7%(8 h)、90.3%(12 h),还原率依次为99.9%(4 h)、99.9%(6 h)、80.4%(36 h).模拟废水中Pt(Ⅳ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅱ)对钯的还原和吸附过程都存在影响.具体地,钯的还原效率受影响程度依次为Au(Ⅲ)Pt(Ⅳ)Cu(Ⅱ)Ag(Ⅰ)Fe(Ⅱ).进一步将回收所得的纳米钯掺杂四氧化三铁,可应用于非均相芬顿反应中染料亚甲基蓝降解,80 min内亚甲基蓝的降解率为96.7%,显示出良好的催化性能.     

渤海海冰作为淡水资源：脱盐机理与可利用价值

我国北部沿海地区缺水问题十分严重,但冬季在渤海及黄海北部形成较大范围的海冰。海冰因其成冰过程中盐分大量析出而盐度很低,可能成为解决这些地区缺水问题的重要淡水资源。论文根据实地观测和室内不同盐度海水的实验分析,阐述了渤海海冰盐度变化和海水成冰脱盐过程,并采用二次成冰脱盐和离心脱盐等方法,分析了海冰经进一步人工淡化的可能性,探讨了海冰作为淡水资源的可利用价值。     

Is there a commercially viable market for crop insurance in rural Bangladesh?

The study aims to assess the commercial viability of a potential crop insurance market in Bangladesh. In a large scale household survey, agricultural farm households were asked for their preferences for a hypothetical crop insurance scheme using double bounded (DB) contingent valuation (CV) method. Both revenue and production cost based indemnity payment approaches were applied to assess the commercial viability of a crop insurance program assuming a partner-agent (PA) model of insurance supply. Crop insurance is found marginally commercially viable in riverine flood plain areas. The expected indemnity payable consistently exceeds the expected insurance premium receivable by the insurer for the households living in wetland basin and coastal floodplain. We conclude that a uniform structure of crop insurance market does not exist in Bangladesh. The nature of the disaster risks faced by the farm households and the socio-economic characteristics of the rural farm communities need to be taken into careful consideration while designing such an insurance scheme.

Numerical investigation of geometrical defect in cold forging of an AUV blade pin head

The precision of cold forging parts becomes critical because the process depends on many factors such as the size and complexity of the parts. Defects negatively affect the assembly accuracy and the performance of the parts. Therefore, defects must be detected and prevented as soon as possible before the manufacturing process begins. The paper intends to investigate the geometrical defect of the cold embossing pin head, which may result in an inaccurate assembly of the blade. In this paper, defect formation was studied using DEFORM-2D based on material flow pattern and stress distribution. The defect was measured in terms of incomplete filling and geometries of the bulging. The effect of the distance to the edge (DTE) is significant to the formation of defects. The size of the bulge is reduced and the filling ability shows better performance as the DTE increases. The FE results are in good agreement with the experimental result.     

Erroneous mass transit system and its tended relationship with motor vehicular air pollution (An integrated approach for reduction of urban air pollution in Lahore)

Air pollution is threat to the lives of people living in big cities of Pakistan. In Lahore 1,250 people die annually because of air pollution.Mass transit system that can be put forth as solution to urban air pollution is contingent with right choice of system and its affiliation with motorized vehicles and nature of urban air pollution.Existing mass transit system in Lahore due to untrue operation causes surfeit discharge of motor vehicular carbon monoxide. Tended relationships of mass transit system with motorized vehicles and urban air pollution are quite noteworthy. The growing motor vehicles (a consequence of flawed public mass transit system) are potential source of urban air pollution. This paper attempts to highlight correlations and regression curves of existing mass transit system. Further it recommends a two facet approach for reduction of motor vehicular air pollution in Lahore.