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排序方式: 共有126条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Hamidi Abdul Aziz Salina Alias Faridah Assari Mohd Nordin Adlan 《Waste management & research》2007,25(6):556-565
Suspended solids, colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are among the main pollutants in landfill leachate. Application of physical or biological processes alone is normally not sufficient to remove these constituents, especially for leachate with a lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/ COD ratio. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes for removing suspended solids, colour and COD from leachate produced in a semi-aerobic landfill in Penang, Malaysia. A 12-month characterization study of the leachate indicated that it had a mean annual BOD/COD ratio of 0.15 and was partially stabilized, with little further biological degradation likely to occur. Particle size analysis of the raw leachate indicated that its 50th percentile (d50) was 11.68 microm. Three types of coagulants were examined in bench scale jar test studies: aluminium sulphate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4). The effects of agitation speed, settling time, pH, coagulant dosages and temperature were examined. At 300 rpm of rapid mixing, 50 rpm of slow mixing, and 60 min settling time, higher removals of suspended solids (over 95%), colour (90%) and COD (43%) were achieved at pH 4 and 12. FeCl3 was found to be superior to other coagulants tested. At pH 4 and 12, fair removal of suspended solids was observed at a reasonably low coagulant dose, i.e., 600 mg L(-1); hHowever, about 2500 mg L(-1) of coagulant was required to achieve good removals at pH 6. Better removals were achieved at higher temperature. The d50 of sludge after coagulation at pH 4 with a 2500 mg L(-1) FeCl3 dose was 60.16 microm, which indicated that the particles had been removed effectively from the leachate. The results indicate that coagulation and flocculation processes can be used effectively in integrated semi-aerobic leachate treatment systems, especially for removing suspended solids, colour and COD. 相似文献
82.
Basheer Hasan Diya’uddeen A.R. Abdul Aziz W.M.A.W. Daud M.H. Chakrabarti 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(3):164-179
Global warming, high-energy demand and availability of new technologies are among the factors catalyzing the search for alternative sources of energy. Currently, there is renewed interest in obtaining energy from wastes hitherto meant for disposal. Increased costs of disposal and their attendant problems of heavy environmental loading are some aspects making the disposal option unattractive. These wastes are sources of energy and among the several sources of generating this energy are the waste-to-energy (WTE) categories with potentials for useable fuel production. The WTE materials are mainly used domestic waste oils (UDWOs), municipal solid waste (MSW), agricultural and industrial wastes. However, the latter wastes are not attractive as they consist of innumerable hazardous contaminants. The UDWOs are arguably a safe and cost effective source of useable fuel. Their conversion offers the merits of a reduction in greenhouse gas emission (GHG), enhancing fuel diversification and a qualitatively comparable energy output to fossil diesel fuels. Thus, UDWOs could significantly contribute towards achieving the 2020 and 2030 goals of substituting approximately 20% and 30% of petro-diesel with biofuels in US and EU, respectively. Moreover, attaining the forecasted annual production rate of 227 billion liters of biofuel by most active stakeholders in the biodiesel industry could be easily achieved.This review aims to analyze the performance of biodiesel fuels obtained from UDWO and to demonstrate the suitability of applying these fuels as substitutes to mineral diesel in various industries. Benefits of UDWO as a biodiesel feedstock were as well highlighted. 相似文献
83.
冀西北间山盆地区景观格局变化及优化研究——以河北省怀来县为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
景观格局的改变会对区域生态系统功能产生影响,对其格局进行优化调控是维持区域生态系统功能稳定性的重要手段。研究以怀来县为例,通过解译判读1993、2003和2013年3期遥感影像,分析了研究区景观格局特征,发现研究区景观破碎化程度呈上升趋势,结合各景观类型在地形位上的分布特征和生态系统服务功能,运用最小累积阻力模型构建了生态源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分,整体连通性指数(dIIC)和可能连通性指数(dPC)评价结果表明河流交汇处及水库周边等区域对景观连通性重要值最大,然后划分了景观生态维持区、景观生态恢复区、景观生态功能强化区和景观生态功能保护区,为该地区景观生态优化提供指导 借鉴。 相似文献
84.
Several factors influence air pollution, but effect of land uses is pivotal and has direct consequences on growth and development of a city. In order to assess consequent effects of land uses on air pollution, it is important to transform a set of variables into significant components by using principal component analysis. These components help to develop an effective model between air pollution and land uses by application of regression analysis. Lahore, titled as “Paris of the East,” has some featured commonalities with Paris and was jointly selected for research to adopt common policies and measures to combat air pollution. A two-step cluster analysis has been applied to testify resemblance of Paris to towns of Lahore as a cluster. This paper is trying to develop a calibrated model which helps to estimate about air pollution at a significant level with only one independent variable. Furthermore, it helps to control air pollution through sensitization of land uses in Lahore. 相似文献
85.
Aziz Tariq Ullah Asmat Fan Hong Jamil Muhammad Imran Khan Farman Ullah Ullah Roh Iqbal Mudassir Ali Amjad Ullah Bakhtar 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3427-3443
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This paper presents the effects of silane coupling agent, which includes interfacial adhesive strength, water treatment, polymer composites and coatings... 相似文献
86.
The analyses presented in this paper include the concentration levels of NO2 and O3 measured during 2 successive years in twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan from November 2009 to March 2011. NO2 was determined using the passive sampling method, while ozone was determined by Model 400E ozone analyzer. The average NO2 and O3 concentration in twin cities of Pakistan was found to be 44?±?6 and 18.2?±?1.24 ppb, respectively. Results indicate that the concentration of NO2 and O3 show seasonal variations. Results also depict that NO2 and O3 concentration levels are high in areas of intense traffic flow and congestion. Rawalpindi has more elevated levels of NO2 and O3 as compared to the Islamabad due to the narrow roads, enclosing architecture of road network and congestion. Climatic variables also influenced the NO2 and O3 concentration, i.e., temperature is positively related with O3, while negatively related with NO2, relative humidity is directly related with NO2 and inversely related with O3, whereas rainfall show negative association with both NO2 and O3 concentration. Comparing the results with WHO standards reveals that NO2 concentration levels at all the sampling points are above the permissible limit, while ozone concentration is still lower than the WHO standards. Thus, there is a need to take appropriate steps to control these continuously increasing levels of NO2 and O3 before they become a serious hazard for the environment and people living in those areas. 相似文献
87.
Ali M Qureshi AA Waheed A Baloch MA Qayyum H Tufail M Khan HA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(8):4623-4634
Studies on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in the limestone from the Margalla Hills have been carried out by measuring gamma activity and to access its radiological implications if any. For data acquisition, a High-Purity Germanium detector was employed. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, and (40)K were found to be 14.32?±?0.24, 2.05?±?0.04, and 13.80?±?0.20 Bq kg(-1), respectively. These values are relatively lower as compared to that in the limestone of other countries and much lower than the values reported for the natural building stones. The average specific activities due to (226)Ra were found to be higher when compared with (40)K and (232)Th. Indices of radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)), internal hazard (H(in)), indoor absorbed gamma dose rate (D(R,)), and corresponding annual effective dose (E(eff)) were also determined for the limestone-made rooms. All of these indices were found to be in the lower ranges. The Margalla Hills limestone does not pose any excessive radiological health hazard as a building material and in industrial uses for a common man. 相似文献
88.
Shah MH Iqbal J Shaheen N Khan N Choudhary MA Akhter G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1243-1252
Selected trace metals were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the water and soil samples collected from the remote
region of Himalaya. The soil samples were analysed for soluble and acid extractable fraction of trace metals. In water samples,
Ca, Na, Mg and K emerged as dominant contributors, whereas, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe and Pb were estimated at comparatively higher
levels in the water extract of the soil. In case of acid extract of the soil samples, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Mn and Na were found
at elevated concentrations. Based on mean levels of the metals, following decreasing concentration order was observed in water
samples: Ca > Na > Mg > K > Pb > Co > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Fe > Cd > Li, however, in the acid extract of the soil, following
order was noted: Ca > K > Fe > Mg > Mn > Na > Pb > Zn > Cr > Li > Cu > Co > Cd. The correlation study revealed appreciably
diverse mutual relationships of trace metals in the water and soil samples. The multivariate cluster analyses exhibited divergent
apportionment of trace metals in water and soil samples. Among the trace metals, Cd, Pb, Li, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Co exhibited
extreme to significant anthropogenic enrichment in the soil samples, while the rest of the metals were mostly contributed
by the natural processes. 相似文献
89.
Sy Ibrahima Cissé Birane Ndao Babacar Touré Mory Diouf Abdoul Aziz Sarr Mamadou Adama Ndiaye Ousmane Ndiaye Youssoupha Badiane Daouda Lalou Richard Janicot Serge Ndione Jacques-André 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(55):83365-83377
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Sahelian zone of Senegal experienced heat waves in the previous decades, such as 2013, 2016 and 2018 that were characterised by temperatures... 相似文献
90.
Aziz Khan Daniel Kean Yuen Tan Fazal Munsif Muhammad Zahir Afridi Farooq Shah Fan Wei Shah Fahad Ruiyang Zhou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23471-23487
Cotton (Gossypium hirustum L.) is grown globally as a major source of natural fiber. Nitrogen (N) management is cumbersome in cotton production systems; it has more impacts on yield, maturity, and lint quality of a cotton crop than other primary plant nutrient. Application and production of N fertilizers consume large amounts of energy, and excess application can cause environmental concerns, i.e., nitrate in ground water, and the production of nitrous oxide a highly potent greenhouse gas (GHG) to the atmosphere, which is a global concern. Therefore, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of cotton plant is critical in this context. Slow-release fertilizers (e.g., polymer-coated urea) have the potential to increase cotton yield and reduce environmental pollution due to more efficient use of nutrients. Limited literature is available on the mitigation of GHG emissions for cotton production. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of N fertilization, in cotton growth and GHG emission management strategies, and will assess, justify, and organize the researchable priorities. Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen are essential nutrients for successful crop production. Ammonia (NH3) is a central intermediate in plant N metabolism. NH3 is assimilated in cotton by the mediation of glutamine synthetase, glutamine (z-) oxoglutarate amino-transferase enzyme systems in two steps: the first step requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to add NH3 to glutamate to form glutamine (Gln), and the second step transfers the NH3 from glutamine (Gln) to α-ketoglutarate to form two glutamates. Once NH3 has been incorporated into glutamate, it can be transferred to other carbon skeletons by various transaminases to form additional amino acids. The glutamate and glutamine formed can rapidly be used for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight organic N compounds (LMWONCs) such as amides, amino acids, ureides, amines, and peptides that are further synthesized into high-molecular-weight organic N compounds (HMWONCs) such as proteins and nucleic acids. 相似文献