全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21151篇 |
免费 | 109篇 |
国内免费 | 89篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 336篇 |
废物处理 | 1186篇 |
环保管理 | 2795篇 |
综合类 | 3006篇 |
基础理论 | 6107篇 |
环境理论 | 7篇 |
污染及防治 | 4634篇 |
评价与监测 | 1697篇 |
社会与环境 | 1496篇 |
灾害及防治 | 85篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 103篇 |
2021年 | 98篇 |
2020年 | 80篇 |
2019年 | 94篇 |
2018年 | 1586篇 |
2017年 | 1470篇 |
2016年 | 1391篇 |
2015年 | 313篇 |
2014年 | 281篇 |
2013年 | 886篇 |
2012年 | 799篇 |
2011年 | 1783篇 |
2010年 | 1068篇 |
2009年 | 1035篇 |
2008年 | 1354篇 |
2007年 | 1691篇 |
2006年 | 454篇 |
2005年 | 437篇 |
2004年 | 382篇 |
2003年 | 425篇 |
2002年 | 447篇 |
2001年 | 486篇 |
2000年 | 355篇 |
1999年 | 211篇 |
1998年 | 140篇 |
1997年 | 157篇 |
1996年 | 163篇 |
1995年 | 190篇 |
1994年 | 192篇 |
1993年 | 159篇 |
1992年 | 132篇 |
1991年 | 169篇 |
1990年 | 163篇 |
1989年 | 157篇 |
1988年 | 115篇 |
1987年 | 114篇 |
1986年 | 118篇 |
1985年 | 91篇 |
1984年 | 119篇 |
1983年 | 118篇 |
1982年 | 118篇 |
1981年 | 108篇 |
1980年 | 96篇 |
1979年 | 112篇 |
1978年 | 73篇 |
1977年 | 76篇 |
1975年 | 76篇 |
1973年 | 72篇 |
1972年 | 65篇 |
1967年 | 66篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
711.
Solar disinfection (SODIS) has been described as a cheap and effective method of treating contaminated water to inactivate
pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, SODIS was assessed for its efficacy in inactivating three enteric viruses (coxsackievirus
B3, coxsackievirus B5 and poliovirus), either on its own or in the presence of riboflavin as a disinfection enhancer. On its
own, SODIS produced a reduction of virus infectivity of 4–6 log10 in 6 h. In the presence of riboflavin, inactivation was more rapid in all viruses studied, and with coxsackievirus B5 and
poliovirus an extra 1–2 log10 increase in reduction of infectivity was observed after 6 h exposure. This study provides a practical example of low technology
methods which could be utilised to provide safe drinking water in various circumstances. 相似文献
712.
Company J 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(1):67-78
The titanosaur Lirainosaurus astibiae is the only sauropod species known from the Late Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula. Lirainosaurus did not reach a gigantic body size and is one of the smallest sauropods discovered to date. Histological analysis of Lirainosaurus bones, focused on diaphyseal transverse sections of appendicular elements, reveals that Lirainosaurus did not exhibit the osseous microstructure typical for large sauropods, but is comparable with that of the coeval titanosaurs
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis, Ampelosaurus atacis, and Magyarosaurus dacus, and also shares histological traits with other small to medium-sized sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Lirainosaurus limb bones exhibit a laminar fibrolamellar bone microstructure interrupted by growth marks, fully obliterated in adulthood
by intense secondary remodeling processes which tend to replace completely the primary cortex. Lirainosaurus attained smaller sizes than typical sauropods reducing the rate of primary periosteal osteogenesis and developing an extensive
secondary remodeling well before the adult size was reached. Histological organization of Lirainosaurus long bones is more mature than observed in basal neosauropods at similar ontogenetic stage, documenting a case of peramorphosis
by pre-displacement. This heterochronic growth would be a reversal of the accelerated pattern of bone deposition typical for
the sauropod lineage. 相似文献
713.
Today and in the Tertiary, the geographical distribution of castorids is limited throughout all of the northern continents.
Fossils of the Castoridae genus Steneofiber are abundant in many localities of Eurasia from the late Oligocene to Pliocene period. Recently, Steneofiber fossils were discovered in two localities of northern Thailand, Mae Moh and Chiang Muan coal mines, in layers of late middle
Miocene age. These discoveries represent the first records of castorids from Southeast Asia and correspond to their southernmost
known range. The focus of this study is to describe this new Thai species of Steneofiber and to define its wear stages from the molar occlusal surfaces by using micro-CT scan analysis. The CT scan technique permits
the analysis of the virtual occlusal surface changes from wear, allowing easier comparison to related species of Steneofiber cheek teeth without destroying the teeth. The new species, Steneofiber siamensis n. sp., can be distinguished from the other species of Steneofiber by several distinct characters, longer mesostriid on p4, presence of premesostria and metastria on P4, which are smaller
than most of the other known species. The occurrence of this new castorid also supports a subtropical to tropical paleoclimate
for these two localities of northern Thailand. 相似文献
714.
Shamama Afreen Nitasha Sharma Rajiv K. Chaturvedi Ranjith Gopalakrishnan N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(2):177-197
Due to large scale afforestation programs and forest conservation legislations, India’s total forest area seems to have stabilized
or even increased. In spite of such efforts, forest fragmentation and degradation continues, with forests being subject to
increased pressure due to anthropogenic factors. Such fragmentation and degradation is leading to the forest cover to change
from very dense to moderately dense and open forest and 253 km2 of very dense forest has been converted to moderately dense forest, open forest, scrub and non-forest (during 2005–2007).
Similarly, there has been a degradation of 4,120 km2 of moderately dense forest to open forest, scrub and non-forest resulting in a net loss of 936 km2 of moderately dense forest. Additionally, 4,335 km2 of open forest have degraded to scrub and non-forest. Coupled with pressure due to anthropogenic factors, climate change
is likely to be an added stress on forests. Forest sector programs and policies are major factors that determine the status
of forests and potentially resilience to projected impacts of climate change. An attempt is made to review the forest policies
and programs and their implications for the status of forests and for vulnerability of forests to projected climate change.
The study concludes that forest conservation and development policies and programs need to be oriented to incorporate climate
change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. 相似文献
715.
N. H. Ravindranath Rajiv K. Chaturvedi N. V. Joshi R. Sukumar Jayant Sathaye 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(2):211-227
Climate change is projected to impact forest ecosystems, including biodiversity and Net Primary Productivity (NPP). National
level carbon forest sector mitigation potential estimates are available for India; however impacts of projected climate change
are not included in the mitigation potential estimates. Change in NPP (in gC/m2/yr) is taken to represent the impacts of climate change. Long term impacts of climate change (2085) on the NPP of Indian
forests are available; however no such regional estimates are available for short and medium terms. The present study based
on GCM climatology scenarios projects the short, medium and long term impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems especially
on NPP using BIOME4 vegetation model. We estimate that under A2 scenario by the year 2030 the NPP changes by (−5) to 40% across
different agro-ecological zones (AEZ). By 2050 it increases by 15% to 59% and by 2070 it increases by 34 to 84%. However,
under B2 scenario it increases only by 3 to 25%, 3.5 to 34% and (−2.5) to 38% respectively, in the same time periods. The
cumulative mitigation potential is estimated to increase by up to 21% (by nearly 1 GtC) under A2 scenario between the years
2008 and 2108, whereas, under B2 the mitigation potential increases only by 14% (646 MtC). However, cumulative mitigation
potential estimates obtained from IBIS—a dynamic global vegetation model suggest much smaller gains, where mitigation potential
increases by only 6% and 5% during the period 2008 to 2108. 相似文献
716.
Rubenstein LZ Vivrette R Harker JO Stevens JA Kramer BJ 《Journal of Safety Research》2011,42(6):493-499
Background
Falls are a common, serious, and often unrecognized problem facing older adults. The objective of this study was to provide an initial clinical and statistical validation for a public health strategy of fall risk self-assessment by older adults using a Fall Risk Questionnaire (FRQ).Methods
Adults age 65 + (n = 40) were recruited at a Los Angeles Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facility and at a local assisted living facility. Participants completed the FRQ self-assessment and results were compared to a “gold standard” of a clinical evaluation of risks using the American/British Geriatrics Society guidelines to assess independent predictors of falls: history of previous falls, fear of falling, gait/balance, muscle weakness, incontinence, sensation and proprioception, depression, vision, and medications. For the comparison, we used an iterative statistical approach, weighing items based on relative risk.Results
There was strong agreement between the FRQ and clinical evaluation (kappa = .875, p < .0001). Individual item kappa values ranged from .305-.832. After dropping one FRQ item (vision risk) because of inadequate agreement with the clinical evaluation (kappa = .139, p = .321), the final FRQ had good concurrent validity.Conclusions
The FRQ goes beyond existing screening tools in that it is based on both evidence and clinical acceptability and has been initially validated with clinical examination data. A larger validation with longitudinal follow-up should determine the actual strength of the FRQ in predicting future falls. 相似文献717.
The importance of selenium as an essential trace element has progressively emerged during the last years due to the analysis of selenium deficiency diseases and to the identification and characterization of a number of selenoenzymes. Selenium is incorporated in the catalytic site of the enzymes as an integral selenocysteine residue. The pathway of selenocysteine biosynthesis and incorporation has been elucidated recently for Escherichia coli. This article presents an overview on these subjects and describes the mechanisms which confer selenocysteine specificity in the framework of protein biosynthesis. In addition, some considerations concerning the phylogeny of selenocysteine incorporation are presented and a model for the evolution of the selenocysteine pathway is proposed. 相似文献
718.
719.
720.
Amy B. Levine MD Keith A. Eddleman Usha Chitkara Judith P. Willner Robert J. Vosatka Richard L. Berkowitz 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(2):111-115
Two cases of severe polyhydramnios are presented in which the unsuspected diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy was made in the patient and the fetus. 相似文献