欧洲化工企业SHE评估与本质安全设计

2007年10月欧洲某跨国集团委托中国石化安全工程研究院对国内合资企业某化工项目进行安全评价,项目共18套装置,其中10套装置的工艺在国内首次采用,同时,该工艺技术又属欧洲某跨国集团的专有技术,国内没有详实的相关技术资料。为搞好评价工作,了解欧洲化工企业生产装置的设计、运行情况,了解欧洲的本质安全设计,学习欧洲化工企业的安全管理模式、理念,安全工程研究院于2008年初专门组团赴欧洲该集团总部实地技术考察。     

洪泛区湿地土壤-植物系统氮含量与气候因子灰色关联分析

文章以二百方子洪泛区湿地为例,运用灰色关联分析方法探讨了洪泛区温地土壤一植物系统氮含量变化与气候因子之间的关系。结果表明,二百方子湿地土壤氮素含量与月平均风速、月日照时数和月蒸发量的关联性较密切;芦苇地上部分氮素含量与月日照时数、月蒸发量和月平均风速关联较密切,而芦苇地下部分氮含量则与月平均降水量、月蒸发量和月平均气温关联较密切。     

认证审核客户价值量提升探讨

通过分析认证客户价值量需求,以增值审核为切入点,从量身定制增值审核方案和开发个性化增值审核产品2个角度对价值量的增值进行了探讨。     

Mixing regime shapes the community assembly process, microbial interaction and proliferation of cyanobacterial species Planktothrix in a stratified lake

Lake mixing influences aquatic chemical properties and microbial community composition,and thus, we hypothesized that it would alter microbial community assembly and interaction. To clarify this issue, we explored the community assembly processes and cooccurrence networks in four seasons at two depths(epilimnion and hypolimnion) in a mesotrophic and stratified lake(Chenghai Lake), which formed stratification in the summer and turnover in the winter. During the stratification period, the epilimni...     

Insight into selective removal of copper from high-concentration nickel solutions with XPS and DFT: New technique to prepare 5N-nickel with chelating resin

An efficient and profitable separation process was proposed to prepare 5N(the purity of the metal solution reaches 99.999%) high-purity nickel from 3N nickel-solutions using Purolite S984. The adsorption performance of this superior resin, especially its selectivity for metal ions,was explored quantitatively. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper was 2.286 mmol/g calculated by the Langmuir model, which was twice as large as that for nickel. In the binary systems, the adsorption capacity for nickel was decreased by 45%, indicating direct competition for the active sites. The infinite separation factor for copper versus nickel exceeded 300, revealing the feasibility of preparing5N-level high-purity nickel solutions, which was further verified using the 800 BV(bed volume) effluent in the column dynamic process.According to the cost–benefit analysis, purification contributed to a profit of approximately 60,000 USD per cycle, and the investment return period was less than 1/3 years. Density functional theory analysis confirmed that four nitrogen atoms would be involved in the coordination complex and thus a structure involving two five-membered rings could be achieved. The X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the involvement of nitrogen atoms,implying a coordination ratio of approximately 1:1.     

亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线斜率、截距参考值研究

通过近三年实验室采用亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线制作的一系列原始数据的收集,并通过数理统计方法对校准曲线、-余标准偏差、斜率扩展不确定度、截距扩展不确定度开展了详细讨论,得出亚甲基蓝分光光度法测定硫化物校准曲线斜率(b)参考范围为:0.019 1±0.00044,截距(a)参考值范围:0.003 3±0.005 0.此结果对实验室分析人员判定硫化物项目校准曲线制作是否合格具有一定的参考价值.     

臭氧-生物活性炭系统处理印染废水低温启动研究

为探讨低温条件下臭氧-生物活性炭系统处理印染废水的挂膜启动方法,采用臭氧氧化、活性炭吸附、生物氧化、活性炭生物再生共同作用,对印染废水二级处理出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明:低温条件虽然延长了系统的挂膜启动时间,但不影响挂膜质量,22 d后挂膜启动完毕,浊度、色度、COD去除率分别为68.76%、73.2%、60%,出水水质良好且稳定。     

洪泛区天然湿地土壤有机质及氮素空间分布特征

泛区;天然湿地;有机质;氮素;空间分布     

Three decades of changes in water environment of a large freshwater Lake and its relationship with socio-economic indicators

Tai Lake (Ch: Taihu) has attracted international attention forcyanobacteria blooms. However, the drivers of cultural eutrophication, especially long-term socio-economic indicators have been little researched. The results of research demonstrate how socio-economic development affected quality of water and how it has been improved by anthropogenic activities. This study described variability in indicators of water quality in Tai Lakeand investigated thedrivers. Significant relationships existed between concentrations of annual mean total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), and population, per capital gross domestic production (GDP) and sewage discharge (p?<?0.05). However, mechanisms causing change varied among TN, TP, COD and BOD. Before 2000, the main contributors to increases in concentrations of TN were human population, GDP and volumes of domestic sewage discharges. After 2000, discharges of industrial sewage become the primary contributor. After 1998, the regressions of annual mean TN, TP and COD on per capital GDP, population and domestic sewage discharge were reversed compared to the former period. Since 1999, an apparent inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and economic development has developed, which indicated that actions taken by governments have markedly improved quality of water in Tai Lake. The statistical relationship between BOD and per capital GDP didn’t conform to the Kuznet curve. The U-shaped Kuznet curve may offer hope for the future that with significant environmental investments a high GDP can be reached and maintained without degradation of the environment, especially through appropriate management of industrial sewage discharge.     

Numerical study of regional environmental carrying capacity for livestock and poultry farming based on planting-breeding balance

In consideration of the need to maintain planting-breeding balance, this article examines the capacity of the soil in Putian City, Fujian Province to absorb livestock and poultry excreta, and computes the environmental carrying capacity for livestock and poultry farming (ECCLPF) in each district of the city in terms of the fertility characteristics of the soil in the city, as well as its mix of crops cultivated and farming methods. On the basis of the computations, this work proceeds to classify the alarm grades of the city’s environmental carrying capacity for livestock and poultry framing, and assess the environmental impact of the livestock and poultry farming industry. The results of our study indicate that, the city’s ECCLPF ranges from 8.27 to 23.23 heads per ha when computed on the basis of nitrogen, and from 5.79 to 24.53 heads per ha when computed on the basis of phosphorus. A comparison between our research findings and the existing farming scale in Putian reveals that, in certain parts of the city, ECCLPF is overburdened to varying degrees. Specifically, Chengxiang District is severely overburdened, Hanjiang District and Meizhou Island have a level of overburdening between virtual overburdening and significant overburdening, Licheng District is virtually overburdened, and Xiuyu, Xianyou, and Bei’an Districts have not exceeded their environmental carrying capacity and therefore have varying levels of potential for growth.