松辽流域生态流量赤字及其成因

水资源的过度开发导致了水短缺和水生态退化,因此,提供适宜的生态流量对维护河流健康具有重要意义.以往研究聚焦断面尺度的生态流量及其保障程度,尚未有效剥离上游子流域的影响.本研究以松辽流域为研究对象,运用VMF法、Tessmann-adapted法和Smakhtin-adapted法3种水文学法核算二级水资源区生态流量及1...     

制药行业VOCs排放组分特征及其排放因子研究

为研究制药行业产品工艺过程的挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放特征,以华东地区某工业园区的两家化学合成类制药企业为研究对象,采集并分析了来自不同生产线和生产环节的VOCs样品.结果表明,同行业不同企业、同企业不同车间的VOCs排放特征差异显著,基于获得的产品生产线不同环节的VOCs排放特征,结合产品工艺流程,推测排放的VOCs组分主要与原料和生产工序有关;处理设施对不同VOCs组分的脱除效率也存在明显差别,RTO对不同VOCs种类的处理效率由高至低依次为OVOCs（80.5%）、芳香烃（72.7%）、烷烯烃（68.3%）和卤代烃（66.1%）;根据浓度测试结果,计算得到48种VOCs的排放量和排放因子,制药企业A和B的VOCs排放总量分别为14.2 t·a^-1和0.4 t·a^-1,均以卤代烃占比最大,分别为56.1%和48.2%.     

Influence of haze pollution on water-soluble chemical species in PM2.5 and size-resolved particles at an urban site during fall

To investigate the influence of haze on the chemical composition and formation processes of ambient aerosol particles,PM_(2.5) and size-segregated aerosol particles were collected daily during fall at an urban site of Gwangju,Korea.During the study period,the total concentration of secondary ionic species(SIS) contributed an average of 43.9% to the PM_(2.5) ,whereas the contribution of SIS to the PM_(2.5) during the haze period was 62.3%.The NO_3 and SO~(2-)_4 concentrations in PM_(2.5) during the haze period were highly elevated,being 13.4 and 5.0 times higher than those during non-haze period,respectively.The PM,NO~-_3,SO~(2-)_4,oxalate,water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),and humic-like substances(HULIS) had tri-modal size distributions peaks at 0.32,1.0,and 5.2 μm during the non-haze and haze periods.However,during the non-haze period they exhibited dominant size distributions at the condensation mode peaking at 0.32 μm,while on October 21 when the heaviest haze event occurred,they had predominant droplet mode size distributions peaking at 1.00 μm.Moreover,strong correlations of WSOC and HULIS with SO~(2-)_4,oxalate,and K+at particle sizes of 1.8 μm indicate that secondary processes and emissions from biomass burning could be responsible for WSOC and HULIS formations.It was found that the factors affecting haze formation could be the local stable synoptic conditions,including the weak surface winds and high surface pressures,the long-range transportation of haze from eastern China and upwind regions of the Korean peninsula,as well as the locally emitted and produced aerosol particles.     

一株水体高效氨化菌的分离及特性研究

从自然界分离纯化100株细菌,并通过利用藻细胞残体培养基进行筛选,最终得到一株氨化能力较强的氨化细菌BH11,经生理生化结合16S rDNA菌种鉴定,该菌株被鉴定为戴尔福特菌属食酸代夫特菌(Delftia acidovorans)。通过对该菌相关特性的研究发现,该菌能够高效降解水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae,PCC7806)细胞残体,在28℃,200 r/min,黑暗条件下,培养3 d对藻细胞残体的降解率达到37.26%,平均氨化速率达0.591 mg/(L.h)。进一步研究表明:该菌同时具有异养硝化和好养反硝化能力,28℃,200 r/min,分别培养6 d对NH4+-N(100 mg/L)的转化率达到79.609%,平均硝化速率0.553 mg/(L.h),NO3--N(100 mg/L)的转化率达到100%,平均反硝化速率0.694 mg/(L.h),食酸代夫特菌BH11可以快速降解蓝藻残体,同时具有氨化,异养硝化、好养反硝化特性,其在富营养化水体治理中具有极好的应用前景。     

BDD电极电化学氧化降解废乳化液

废乳化液是机械加工过程产生的一种高浓度有机废液,属于危险废物.通过实验研究了 BDD电极电化学氧化处理废乳化液的降解效果,考察了电流密度、电解质种类及浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对降解效率的影响.结果表明:BDD电极电化学氧化可有效降解废乳化液中的有机物,当采用Na2S2O8为电解质,电流密度超过60 mA/cm2时,降...     

火灾爆炸事故多米诺效应耦合模型研究

为了评估火灾爆炸事故中相邻储罐由于多米诺效应而引发二次事故的风险,提出了基于热辐射、冲击波超压以及碎片冲击等三种物理效应共同作用下的事故多米诺效应耦合分析模型.模型采用概率组合方法计算事故影响区域内目标对象发生二次事故的最可能组合及概率.研究表明,火灾爆炸事故多米诺效应的产生受到多种因素影响,其中平面布局、防火间距是影响二次事故发生的主要因素.在计算设施失效概率的过程中,考虑了热辐射、爆炸冲击波以及碎片冲击三种物理效应的耦合作用效果,采用影响系数法对二次事故的可能单元组合加以研究.最后,以一储罐区蒸气云爆炸事故为例对可能发生的二次事故进行了模拟,得到了相邻储罐二次事故的单元组合及概率.     

基于Web的企业安全监管信息系统

针对企业安全监管中信息繁杂、处理困难所导致的监管效率低下等问题,提出一种基于Web的安全监管信息系统.系统采用Browser/Server构架,实现信息管理、实时监控、数据更新与信息抽取.并以某专业测井公司为实例,开发了基于Web的测井安全监管信息系统投入使用,实现了职工信息、培训计划、职业健康、放射剂量、放射源、资质证书、车辆年检、实时提醒等信息管理功能.应用结果表明,系统可变粗放式管理为精细化运作,能有效提高企业安全监管信息化水平.     

无机纳米颗粒的加入对复合超滤膜成膜过程的影响

为了提高有机高分子材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的亲水性,增强其在污水处理中的抗污染能力,采用无机纳米氧化钛(TiO2)和氧化铝(Al2O3)颗粒对PVDF进行改性,制备(TiO2+Al2O3)/PVDF改性复合超滤膜。为考察无机纳米颗粒对复合超滤膜成膜过程的影响,采用浊点滴定法测定铸膜液体系的分相点,绘制三元相图,以考察纳米颗粒的加入对PVDF超滤膜成膜过程中的热力学影响;采用紫外分光光度计测定铸膜液体系的透光度下降曲线,考察纳米颗粒对PVDF成膜过程中的动力学影响。结果表明:纳米颗粒的加入降低了铸膜液容纳非溶剂的能力,使其在较小的非溶剂浓度下即可固化成膜;纳米颗粒使铸膜液中溶剂与非溶剂双向扩散的传质阻力增加,缩短了铸膜液浸入凝胶浴瞬间至固化成膜的时间。     

电催化氧化技术处理造纸废水的实验研究

通过邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的电解实验研究了德国引进的金属铌掺硼金刚石膜电极(Nb/BDD)的电化学性质,并利用该电极处理装置处理了东莞某造纸厂造纸废水。考察了电解时间、电流强度及废水的pH值、电解质的浓度、电导率等参数对电化学降解效率的影响。结果表明,Nb/BDD具有优异的污水降解性能,在pH值为3.0,电流密度为37.23 mA/cm2,电压6.9 V,NaCl充当电解质质量浓度0.4 g/L的条件下,电解200 min,装置对再生纸造纸废水的COD的去除率接近70%,BOD/COD为0.4,比能耗为27.6(kW.h/kg)。     

Occupational hazards to health of port workers

Objectives. The aim of this article is to reduce the risk of occupational hazards and improve safety conditions by enhancing hazard knowledge and identification as well as improving safety behavior for freight port enterprises. Methods. In the article, occupational hazards to health and their prevention measures of freight port enterprises have been summarized through a lot of occupational health evaluation work, experience and understanding. Results. Workers of freight port enterprises confront an equally wide variety of chemical, physical and psychological hazards in production technology, production environment and the course of labor. Such health hazards have been identified, the risks evaluated, the dangers to health notified and effective prevention measures which should be put in place to ensure the health of the port workers summarized. Discussion. There is still a long way to go for the freight port enterprises to prevent and control the occupational hazards. Except for occupational hazards and their prevention measures, other factors that influence the health of port workers should also be paid attention to, such as age, work history, gender, contraindication and even the occurrence and development rules of occupational hazards in current production conditions.