Historic preservation,significance, and age value: A comparative phenomenology of historic Charleston and the nearby new-urbanist community of I'On

While the age of physical environments is the central tenet of historic preservation, there is a lack of empirical evidence about how everyday people actually value, perceive, and experience age as an intrinsic part of an urban environment. In order to ameliorate this knowledge deficit, this study employs phenomenology to understand the lived experience of being in a “new” versus an “old” or “historic” urban residential environment. The new environment is the I'On new urbanist development in Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, and the old environment is the location of the United States' first historic district in Charleston, South Carolina. These locations are approximately within five miles of each other. In both places, the physical characteristics of the built environment are remarkably similar in density, form, layout, and design, but the age is dramatically different. Through photo elicitation techniques and interviews, the results of this study reveal that residents of historic Charleston and I'On value their built environments in remarkably similar ways. Surprisingly, elements that evoke a strong sense of attachment tend to be landscape features, such as gates, fountains, trees, and gardens rather than buildings. The informants valued the “mystery” that they felt was part of the landscape and which consisted of layered elements such as fences, gates, and paths, such that these features (including buildings) had to be “discovered.” Lastly, the informants strongly valued landscapes that showed “people care” through regular maintenance. The essential difference in people's experience and valuation of the new environment (I'On) and the old environment (historic Charleston) is in the older environment's ability to instill creative fantasies in the minds of the informants based on a hypothetical past of their own creation. The informants in I'On did not share these kinds of meanings.     

Re-imagining the environment: using an environmental art festival to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and a sense of place

Environmental art can be used by government as an engaging medium to encourage pro-environmental behaviour and a sense of place at a grassroots level. By stimulating discussion and reflection, environmental art offers an imaginative format to promote environmental engagement. In this case, by placing artworks in nature, a community's focus was drawn to the beauty of their everyday environment and the ideas communicated by the works, in an effort to encourage environmental awareness and stewardship. This study explores audience responses to Floating Land – a local-government-initiated environmental art festival held in the Noosa Biosphere in Australia. A multi-layered perspective of the festival's impact on pro-environmental behaviours and sense of place was investigated via questionnaires administered to the audience, workshop participants and local residents. Data offered insights into attitude differences between those who intended to change their behaviour and those who did not; understandings about the influence of workshop facilitators; and revelations about a community finding opportunities to re-imagine their place through environmental art. Recommendations are offered as a way for governments to incorporate environmental art into their role of educating for the environment. This study contributes to the under-researched area of audience responses to environmental art by providing qualitative and quantitative analysis that draws out understandings of the impact of art that promotes environmental awareness and a sense of place. The study reveals that Floating Land contributed to reinforcing the essential role of local people in engendering positive change, thus manifesting the aims of the Biosphere Reserve and Agenda 21.     

Ozone Dosage-Crop Loss Function for Alfalfa: A Standardized Method for Assessing Crop Losses from Air Pollutants

Ozone dose-crop loss conversion functions for alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L. var. Moapa 69) yield reduction and defoliation were developed using standardized field plots within an ambient O₃ gradient in the South Coast Air Basin. Seasonal yields and defoliation values were tested with O₃ dose, average daily maximum temperature, average daily minimum temperature, and average daily relative humidity in regression analyses to determine significant functional relationships. Only the ambient O₃ dose variable was found to have a significant effect on alfalfa yield or defoliation (yield, r = –0.827, t-slope = 3.900**; defoliation, r = –0.890, t-slope = 5.190**). The ozone dose-crop loss conversion functions were calculated by converting the dose-response functions to dose-percent reduction functions.     

厌氧混合培养条件下六氯苯生物降解的外加碳源必要性

采用标准血清瓶实验探讨了厌氧污泥对六氯苯(HCB)的降解活性以及各种环境因素的影响.结果表明,经过14d的HCB驯化,厌氧污泥具备了较好的降解HCB能力;反应温度对HCB的降解速率有很大影响,适宜温度为35℃左右;葡萄糖、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等有机碳源的存在明显促进了HCB的厌氧降解,其中甲酸和乙酸的加入极其重要;根据实验结果推测出,产甲烷过程对HCB的生物降解发挥了重要作用.     

基于环境监测的矿井通风三维仿真辅助决策系统设计

为优化金属矿山矿井通风系统及辅助决策设计,弥补常用矿井通风仿真解算软件在环境监测、实时解算和辅助决策方面的不足,基于矿井通风理论、环境监测、计算机与通信技术开发矿井通风三维仿真辅助决策系统。提出通过利用实时监测到的井下通风环境参数（风量、风速等）和已存储在系统数据库里的巷道参数,实现对矿井通风网络实时解算,并将其应用到山金阿尔哈达矿井通风系统中。结果表明:矿井通风三维仿真辅助决策系统同步实现了山金阿尔哈达矿井通风系统的环境监测、风网实时解算和三维仿真模拟,提高了其矿井通风管理水平,为矿井通风系统改造优化设计和矿井向深部中段延伸时的通风系统设计提供辅助决策依据。     

MODELING COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL NONPOINT POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROGRAMS ON TWO FLORIDA BASINS1

ABSTRACT: A model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative “best management practice” (BMP) implementation schemes on two agricultural basins in Florida. The model selectively applies BMPs throughout the basin on a field by field basis, estimates the associated costs, and predicts the relative water quality improvement (reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus). The water quality model links field scale simulation (for detailed BMP evaluation) with basin delivery and attenuation functions to predict the basin-wide effects of any combination of BMPs. Fifteen BMP scenarios were evaluated to aid in prioritizing BMPs for implementation in these basins. Applying the maximum level of BMPs is estimated to cost around $1.2 million (annually), while the four most cost-effective BMPs would cost only one quarter as much, yet are projected to provide approximately 90 percent of the water quality improvement.     

自适应神经网络在确定落煤残存瓦斯量中的应用

落煤残存瓦斯量的确定是采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量预测的重要环节，它直接影响着采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量预测的精度，并与煤的变质程度、落煤粒度，原始瓦斯含量、暴露时间等影响因素呈非线性关系，人工神经网络具有表示任意非线性关系和学习的能力，是解决复杂非线性，不确定性和时变性问题的新思想和新方法，基于此，作提出自适应神经网络的落煤残丰瓦斯量预测模型，并结合不同矿井落煤残存瓦斯量的实际测定结果进行验证研究，结果表明，自适应调整权值的变步长BP神经网络模型预测精度高，收敛速度快，该预测模型的应用可为采掘工作面瓦斯涌出量的动态预测提供可靠的基础数据，为采掘工作面落煤残存瓦斯量的确定提出了一种全新的方法和思路。     

Rehabilitation options for inland waterways impacted by sulfidic sediments – A synthesis

The build up of reduced inorganic sulfur in the sediments of inland wetlands and creeks is an emerging risk for the management of inland waterways and is a direct result of secondary salinisation. Inappropriate management of these sediments can lead to a number of adverse environmental outcomes, the most dramatic of which is the extreme acidification of inland waterways, but can also include deoxygenation and the release of heavy metals. This paper explores possible management options for reducing the impact of sulfidic sediments on inland waterways based on previous research into ameliorating the impact of acid mine and acid rock drainage and coastal acid sulfate soils. The main strategies explored include minimising the formation of sulfidic sediments in the first instance, rehabilitation of impacted waterways, or isolation of the water body from the surrounding environment.     

基于MODIS植被指数的浑善达克沙地植被物候变化

基于近20a MODIS的2种植被指数数据，利用Logistic曲线曲率极值法和动态阈值法，对浑善达克沙地植被物候进行了提取，分析其时空变化，并利用研究结果数据，分析植被物候对高程和气象因子的响应.结果表明，2000~2019年间研究区的植被物候呈微弱波动趋势，浑善达克沙地植被返青期（SOS）主要集中在110~140d，枯黄期（EOS）主要集中在250~280d，整体呈微弱推迟趋向（0.28d/a），生长季长度（LOS）主要集中在120~170d，整体呈微弱延长趋向（0.23d/a）.在空间分布上，占研究区51.51%的区域植被SOS呈提前趋势；占研究区67.02%的区域植被EOS呈提前趋势，并且占研究区32.98%的区域植被EOS呈推迟趋势.占研究区62.71%的区域植被LOS呈延长趋势.在海拔900~1500m区间，随着海拔升高，SOS显著推迟，EOS不显著提前，LOS显著缩短.前一年11、12月和当年1、2、4月降水量对SOS有提前作用.6、7、8、9月份气温和降水都对EOS推迟有明显的作用.总的来说，浑善达克沙地植被物候与气候因子的相应规律比较复杂，表现出季节性的差别及地形的差异性.     

R/S法的土石坝施工期沉降规律及预警标准研究

为提高施工期土石坝沉降安全性,研究其具有复杂非线性特征的施工期沉降规律和相应的预警标准。基于国内某在建高土石坝的沉降数据,采用R/S法分析坝体不同高程测点、同高程测点和同测点不同时期沉降数据的Hurst指数及分形维数,提出评价坝体施工期沉降安全性的预警标准。结果表明:各测点的Hurst指数最小值为0.763,坝内各处沉降仍处于快速增长阶段;坝体下部比上部、中部比下游堆石区沉降能更快趋于稳定,且坝体下部的沉降速率已经渐趋平缓。