广东省酸雨污染与控制研究综述

收集分析了广东省十余年的各方面环境资料，得到：1991－1997年全省降水pH值的范围是4．61－4．96，酸雨频率的范围是43．4％－53．1％，呈不明确的下降趋势，广州，韶关是酸雨的中心，广东省SO2排放的高值区与酸雨的中心是一致的。研究认为，广东省酸雨主要是由自身的污染排放造成的，首先应重点抓好珠江三角洲的电厂的SO2排放的削减，研究提出了火电厂优先治理的名单及推茬治理方案，提出了SO2和酸雨防治工程计划。     

Turnover mechanisms of organic conformation on turbidity in drinking water

The turbidity variation in artificial water and samples from a water plant was investigated in the presence of organics with different relative molecular mass. The results show that recessive turbidity existed when water chemical conditions were changing. The formation of turbidity depended on organic relative molecular mass and their conformations on particles. At higher pH and lower ionic strength, the organic chains with a more extended conformation resulted in rising turbidity of the suspension. At lower pH, the reconformation of organics took place due to charge neutralization by the proton, resulting in a decline in turbidity. The addition of NaCl and MgCl₂ at pH 7.00 also resulted in a decrease of turbidity in the suspension. It is believed that the occurrence of recessive turbidity has a significant influence on the stability of water supply quality.     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

层次分析法在环境风险评价中的应用

调查化工区周围敏感目标及突发性污染事故类型，根据层次分析法原理，建立层次结构模型，构造两两比较判断矩阵，计算矩阵的最大特征值及对应的特征向量，做出层次排序及一致性检验，判断污染事故类型的重要性。     

浦东新区大气气溶胶中碳颗粒的分布规律

采用元素相关性分析方法，找出浦东新区大气气溶胶中碳颗粒的污染源，确证该区大气中碳颗粒主要来自煤的燃烧。同时初步找出浦东新区大气中碳颗粒污染的时空分布和粒径分布规律，为改善浦东 新区大气污染状况提供依据。     

乡镇环境保护的“角直模式”

本文分析了江苏省角直镇乡镇经济腾飞与环境保护协调同步的发展过程,总结出了“统一规划、合理布局、集中控制、全面管理、环境保护与经济建设协调发展”的“角直模式”,并就模式的优缺点作了一定程度的探讨.     

Alteration in Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Afforested <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamnus lycioides</Emphasis> Seedlings in Short-Term Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus intraradices</Emphasis> and Organic Amendment

The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality.     

钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能的试验研究之一——试验概况及试验结果

针对铁路桥梁中使用量最大、应用最广泛的单柱式桥墩 ,通过 2 4根大比例的桥墩模型的伪静力试验 ,研究了其延性抗震性能。通过对试验数据的分析 ,研究了这类桥墩的力—位移关系、滞回模式等变化规律。笔者对钢筋混凝土桥墩模型的动力抗震试验进行研究 ,其思路和方法 ,对提高和改善此类桥墩的抗震性、安全性以及工程抗震设计都是十分有益的。     

钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能的试验研究之二 试验结果分析与结论

笔者针对前文所述试验中出现的破坏现象和试验数据 ,通过统计分析 ,研究了该类桥墩的力—位移关系、延性变形能力、抗力特性、滞回模式、耗能指标、损伤破坏模式 ,以及配筋率、箍筋布置、剪跨比等结构参量对该类参数的影响 ,进而为实际铁路桥梁的延性抗震设计提供了必要的试验依据     

四川石油天然气工业环境统计体系现状分析及改进对策

针对四川石油天然气工业环境统计中存在的非稳定污染源监测数据的统计价值不高，统计调查方法单一，个别统计指标计算未使用国家统一标准等现状，从环境监测站改组入手，改革统计调查方法，建立以必要的周期性普查为基础，以经常性的抽样调查为主体，同时辅之以全面统计报表，重点调查和科学推算综合运用的统计调查方法体系。