高分辨率卫星遥感数据在白衣庵滑坡调查研究中的应用

利用Quickbird-2卫星遥感数据对白依庵滑坡进行了调查研究。首先选取321和432波段进行彩色合成,并且与pan波段进行了分辨率融合,对融合后的图像进行正射校正作为遥感解译底图。从遥感影像上提取了白依庵滑坡的各要素,进行了稳定性评价和危害性分析,并提出了防治措施建议。根据研究结果可知,在现阶段利用Quickbird-2高分辨率卫星遥感数据进行滑坡研究具有无比的优越性、实用性和经济性。     

中国铝元素物质流投入产出模型构建与分析

在构建全国铝物质流投入产出模型的基础上,对2001年,2004年,2005年和2007年全国铝损失的来源进行了解析. 结果表明:2001—2004年生产加工部门和消费部门来源于国内开采的铝损失所占比例分别从54.8%和47.6%升至64.4%和53.1%,全国铝损失率从32.5%增至42.4%;2004—2005年来源于国内开采的铝损失增幅迅速降至4.9%,2005—2007年保持在8.8%. 来源于国内开采的铝损失占铝损失总量的比例最大,2001年,2004年和2007年所占比例分别达到了34.1%,44.8%和36.3%,提示依然需要提高国内铝开采的利用效率和加工技术水平以减少铝损失总量. 2001年,2004年,2005年和2007年来源于国外进口的铝损失量占铝进口总量的比例分别为30.9%,39.1%,35.8%和33.3%,损失率变化不大,未来应增加再生铝的使用比例以降低铝的损失率.      

Abundance,spatial distribution,and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds

Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.     

分布式光伏-储能系统经济-碳排放-能源效益实证分析——以山东省胶州光伏及其储能系统为例

建立光伏-储能系统成本收益经济模型和全生命周期碳排放和能源分析模型,以静态投资回收期和内部收益率、碳排放强度和碳补偿回收期、能量回收期分别作为经济效益、碳减排效益和能源效益的评价指标,并以山东省胶州农村5,8,10,15kW光伏和11kW-h储能系统为案例,分析增加储能系统后的经济-碳排放-能源特征.案例表明,增加储能...     

东莞市市政污泥集中处置工程总体设计

东莞市东部污泥处理处置厂一期设计规模为1000 t/d,远期规模为1700 t/d,工程采用污泥造粉工艺对全市部分市政污水处理厂产生的市政污泥进行处置,使其达到减量化、资源化的目的。主要介绍了本污泥处理处置厂的工艺流程、主要工艺设备及除臭工艺设计等内容。     

Perceptions of Prescribed Burning in a Local Forest Community in Victoria, Australia

The general perceptions of prescribed burning were elicited from forest users for an area that has been subject to this form of land management for at least 20 years. The largest group consisted of local residents living in and around the Wombat State Forest with two smaller groups of students from a nearby university campus and local professional land managers. A questionnaire was given to each participant in order to explore how the forest was used, to determine the level of knowledge of burning in the targeted forest and Victoria and the perception of the appearance, effectiveness of protection, and accessibility to the forest after prescribed burning. Generally all groups had similar responses with community members having stronger views on the effectiveness and practicalities of prescribed burning, whereas students were more neutral in their opinions. All participants claimed knowledge of prescribed burning activities within Victoria, but fewer had experience of planned fires in the Wombat State Forest. All groups agreed that areas that had not been recently burned had a better appearance than those that had, but this result may have included a range of value judgments. Land managers had a greater understanding of the ecological importance of season and timing of burning; however, some students and community members were equally knowledgeable. Prescribed burning did not impede access to the forest, nor did smoke from prescribed burns pose any great problem. The majority of the participants felt that the amount of prescribed burning done in the forest was adequate for engendering a feeling of protection to life and property, yet many were still suspicious of this management practice. These initial findings indicate several areas in which further research would be useful including the efficacy of education programs for community members and improved communication of burn plans by land managers.     

基于纳米技术的环境保护新材料与污染防治新工艺的研究

纳米科技是面向21世纪的核心战略科技,它为解决环境保护与经济发展的矛盾提供了有力的技术手段.通过将纳米技术引入环境保护与污染防治的研究领域,概述了纳米技术的内涵、纳米材料的特殊性质,全面介绍了纳米技术在环境保护新材料与污染防治新工艺中的应用情况,展望了纳米技术在环保领域的研究发展方向,表明利用纳米技术解决环境问题将成为未来环境保护发展的必然趋势.     

中国区域粮食生产与消费中的虚拟水平衡研究

从省级和8个二级区域尺度上分析我国2007年粮食生产和消费中的虚拟水含量的空间分布规律以及粮食生产和消费中的虚拟水平衡规律,得出如下结论：首先,粮食生产虚拟水量北方比南方地区多31 9752×107 m3,人均粮食生产虚拟水量北方地区为530 m3/人,远高于全国平均水平的460 m3/人,而南方地区则只有410 m3/人。说明我国当前粮食生产存在较为典型的虚拟水资源“北水南调”现象;其次,全国粮食虚拟水消费量南方比北方地区多4 8553亿m3,恰好与粮食生产的虚拟水空间分布规律相反。南北方粮食消费水平的差异加剧了我国粮食生产虚拟水资源“北水南调”现象的发生;再次,从粮食生产和消费的虚拟水平衡空间分布规律来看,调出区主要集中分布在由黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏5省（区）组成的我国北方边境沿线地带和由江西、湖南、重庆、湖北、河南、安徽、江苏、山东和山西组成的中东部环形地区。虚拟水调入区则主要集中在由北京、天津、河北和辽宁组成的环渤海地区和由分布在西北、西南和华南共13个省市区组成的环状连片地带;最后简要分析了我国粮食生产和消费的虚拟水平衡在粮食生产和水资源开发利用领域的启示意义。
     

玄武湖沉积物中重金属的垂直分布

选取中国典型城市内湖--南京玄武湖为研究对象,采用目前运用较为广泛的欧洲标准测试分析委员会(now the Standards,Measurements and Testing Programme)推荐的BCR连续提取法对沉积物中Pb、Cd、Ni、Zn、Cr和Mo 6种重金属形态在垂向上的分布进行测定,并对其潜在迁移风险进行讨论。结果表明：玄武湖沉积物中6种重金属总量由大到小的顺序为：Zn＞Cr＞Mo＞Ni＞Pb＞Cd,含量分别为14880~24412、11255~13578、5519~7730、4142~4981、857~2005和129~173 mg/kg,除Pb外均高于南京土壤环境背景值。在50 cm的柱状沉积物样品中,Pb与Cd主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在,Mo、Ni、Zn和Cr主要以残渣态为主要的存在形态。6种重金属的总量与不同形态在垂向上的分布因金属种类不同有所差异。玄武湖沉积物中含有丰富的有机质(80%~110%),且pH值为偏酸性至近中性(582~713),沉积物中的重金属具有较高的潜在迁移风险,在城市湖泊污染治理中应予以足够的重视     

HPLC分析暴马丁香不同部位的紫丁香苷含量

分析研究了暴马丁香不同部位中的紫丁香苷含量,为可持续合理利用和保护暴马丁香资源提供依据。利用Alltech高效液相色谱仪对暴马丁香不同部位中的紫丁香苷含量进行了测定,色谱柱为ODS-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5um),测定紫丁香苷的流动相为乙腈∶水(12∶88),体积流量1ml/min,柱温为室温,检测波长265nm。结果表明,紫丁香苷在0.1—7.0μg与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,紫丁香苷含量为韧皮部3.593%枝皮1.174%干皮1.166%木栓层0.568%枝条0.509%根0.421%木质部0.104%。该方法简便可靠、快速、重现性好,适用于暴马丁香中紫丁香苷的含量测定。