轻烃类VOCs在活性炭上的动态吸附行为

采用BET,XRD,FTIR技术对两类椰壳活性炭进行了表征,考察了空速和吸附温度对正戊烷和正己烷动态吸附穿透容量(DPC)及穿透时间的影响,并对正戊烷和正己烷的二元竞争吸附过程进行了研究。结果表明:两类活性炭材料的组成和官能团结构相似,具有大量微孔的片状活性炭(FAC)有利于轻烃类VOCs的吸附;采用FAC吸附正己烷时,DPC对空速和温度变化不敏感;二元竞争吸附过程中,开始阶段正戊烷和正己烷同时被吸附,随后已被吸附的正戊烷被强吸附质正己烷部分置换,直至正己烷吸附饱和,与一元吸附相比,正己烷的DPC和饱和吸附容量略有增加,正戊烷的DPC和饱和吸附容量大幅降低。     

构建严格的生态保护红线管控制度体系

生态保护红线制度是我国今后生态保护工作的核心制度安排,需要以更加严格的配套管控政策与措施予以支撑。本研究在分析生态保护红线管控要求的基础上,尝试提出了包括监测技术管控、监察执法管控、行政许可管控、法律强制管控和社会参与管控在内的生态保护红线管控制度体系,并从加快生态保护红线立法、构建"多规合一"机制、健全自然资源资产产权制度、改革政绩考核评价体系、推动离任审计制度、推进责任追究制度、建立健全生态补偿机制和推动信息公开机制与宣传教育等方面提出了相应配套措施,为严守生态保护红线,维护国家生态安全提供支撑。     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气中重金属排放水平及影响因素分析

通过对浙江省生活垃圾焚烧炉排放烟气中重金属的监测,分析生活垃圾焚烧烟气中重金属排放水平。结果表明,汞及其化合物的检出率最高,为95.7%,其次为铬和锰,检出率均为60%,且在不同的焚烧炉中重金属排放浓度差异较大,检出率最低的为铊和镉,且排放浓度均较低;焚烧炉排放烟气中汞及其化合物、镉+铊及其化合物、锑+砷+铅+铬+钴+铜+锰+镍及其化合物排放浓度均低于国标排放限值,最大占标率分别为76%、4%、21.9%。焚烧烟气中的重金属含量与焚烧垃圾中的重金属含量有关,烟气通过废气处理设施,可有效地减少重金属等污染物的排放。     

南京市在长江大保护工作中推进生态环境大数据融合的思考

以习近平长江经济带发展思路和实施国家大数据战略为背景,简要介绍了南京市长江大保护和大数据融合工作的现状与特点。在对标分析武汉市长江大保护和贵州省大数据融合先进工作经验的基础上,针对当前南京市大数据应用水平不高,难以为生态环境重要决策提供有效支撑的情况,从树立创新思维摸清沿江污染底数、树立法治思维推进大数据融合共享、树立融入思维推进社会化服务、树立数字思维适应信息化和“互联网+”发展等方面,对南京市如何深度整合利用现有大数据资源,构建具有南京特色的长江大保护“生态眼”监管系统提出对策和建议。     

Effects of Traffic Management and Transport Mode on the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Carbon Monoxide

The exposure to CO of schoolchildren was assessed in the town of Northampton, UK, both by direct measurement and by GIS-based activity modelling. Personal measurement of CO showed that exposures when travelling by car were significantly greater than those when walking, although journey times by car were shorter. However, journey exposures had little effect on maximum 8h mean CO exposures. CO concentration fields in the study area were modelled from current traffic flows, and those expected under different traffic management scenarios. These fields were then used, in combination with children's home and school location, and their activity profiles, to simulate frequency distributions of exposure for different transport modes and traffic management scenarios. The results show a large variability in the effect of traffic management interventions, depending on the child's home and school location.     

水合铝离子单体和二聚体的DFT研究

用DFT方法在B3LYP/6-31G·水平下,对水合铝离子的单体和二聚体形态进行计算.在单体[Al(H2O)6]3 ,[Al(OH)(H2O)5]2 ,[Al(OH)2(H2O)4] 和二聚体[Al2(OH)2(H2O)8]4 ,[Al2(OH)3(H2O)7]3 ,[Al2(OH)4(H2O)6]2 ,[Al2(OH)5(H2O)5] 及其异构体中, Al和羟基O之间的键长明显小于Al和H2O中O之间的键长.将H2O代以羟基后,六配位的Al-O八面体骨架发生了较大的畸变.在[Al2(OH)4(H2O)6]2 形态的不同几何异构体中,当2个羟基相互邻近时稳定性较低.羟铝比(OH/Al)增大将有更多的电子流向Al(Ⅲ),同时,单体和二聚体中H2O的氢原子所带正电荷均有所减小.二聚体的羟桥氢原子所带正电荷随OH/Al比的增大而减小.各形态的键强度呈现:Al-O(H2O)＜Al-O(OH)-Al＜Al-O(OH),即Al-Ow＜Al-Ob-h＜Al-Oh.对单体形态,随OH/Al比增大, Al-Ow和Al-Oh键强度均逐渐减小.二聚体形态OH/Al比增大, Al-Ow键强度减小,但Al-Ob-h键强度基本不变, Al-Oh则呈不规则变化.无论是单体还是二聚体,OH/Al比较大形态的HOMO能级与OH/Al比较小形态的LUMO能级相近或前者稍高,前者很容易向后者提供电子.聚合过程主要是在不同形态组分之间进行.     

Modeling spatio-temporal wildfire ignition point patterns

We analyze and model the structure of spatio-temporal wildfire ignitions in the St. Johns River Water Management District in northeastern Florida. Previous studies, based on the K-function and an assumption of homogeneity, have shown that wildfire events occur in clusters. We revisit this analysis based on an inhomogeneous K-function and argue that clustering is less important than initially thought. We also use K-cross functions to study multitype point patterns, both under homogeneity and inhomogeneity assumptions, and reach similar conclusions as above regarding the amount of clustering. Of particular interest is our finding that prescribed burns seem not to reduce significantly the occurrence of wildfires in the current or subsequent year over this large geographical region. Finally, we describe various point pattern models for the location of wildfires and investigate their adequacy by means of recent residual diagnostics.

冶勒自然保护区林麝对生境选择研究

1995年在相岭山系的冕宁冶勒自然保护区,采用作者新近提出的临时空间样方法,以Vanderloeg和Scavia选择指数对林麝对生境的选择进行了研究,结果表明7～8月份,林麝喜欢活动于竹子密度不大（n＝0～15m     

Exploring the processes governing roadside pollutant concentrations in urban street canyon

This paper describes an in-depth analysis to investigate the huge variation in the measured roadside air-pollutant concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in terms of the traffic flow levels, the orientation of the street to the prevailing wind, the wind speed, temperature and barometric pressure. The work has attempted to develop generic parameters that can be applied to other urban areas. However, in the absence of a measure of congestion at the site in Palermo (Italy), the methodological approach proposed used the simultaneous noise measurements, in units of decibels (B), to help parameterise a generic congestion indicator in terms of the traffic flow. The potential transferability of the approach was demonstrated for a site in Marylebone Road, London (UK), given the similarity of the two study sites, canyon shape, traffic characteristics and road orientation. The results showed that, within the range of data available, noise levels could be used as a proxy for flow change on the shoulders of the peak hour and hence congestion and a generic relationship with factors statistically significant at 99 % confidence allows roadside concentrations due to traffic to be estimated with a regression coefficient of R ²?=?0.73 (R?=?0.85). The research demonstrates that whilst there are indeed underlying relationships that can explain the roadside concentrations based on traffic and meteorological conditions, evidence is presented that confirms the complexity of the physical and chemical processes that govern roadside concentrations.     

Diversity and sensitivity of epiphytes to oxides of nitrogen in London

This study investigated the distribution and diversity of epiphytes in London in relation to NO(x) using fine-scale atmospheric dispersion modelling. The survey recorded over 3000 epiphytes from 334 trees (Fraxinus excelsior) representing 74 lichen, 14 moss, 7 fungal and 3 algal species. There was a significant inverse relationship between diversity and NO(x). Diversity declined where NO(x) exceeded 70 microg m(-3) and NO2 exceeded 40 microg m(-3), suggesting a phytotoxic effect. However, there was a significant positive relationship between NO(x) and lichen abundance due to the ubiquitous distribution of pollution tolerant species, mainly associated with eutrophication. A scale of lichen sensitivity to NO(x) has been derived.