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31.
Michael T. Kleinman David M. Bernstein Theo J. Kneip 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):65-67
ABSTRACT Treatment of ethanol vapor in a peat biofilter with various initial water contents (70%, 59%, 49%, and 35%) was studied. For water contents ranging from 49% to 70%, elimination capacity was about 30 g/m3/h. For a water content of 35%, elimination capacity decreased to 4 g/m3/h. A low mean CO2 yield coefficient (0.35 g CO2 produced per g ethanol consumed) was found for all of the initial water contents. The value was only 20% of the yield coefficient (1.91 g/g) predicted by stoichiometry. When the packing material was dried from 70% to 59% water content during the biofiltration process, elimination capacity dropped from 27 g/m3/h to 4 g/m3/h. After 24 hours of drying, the biofiltration experiment was restarted and run for two more weeks. During this period, the biofilter did not recover. At 59% water content, the rate of water evaporation was estimated at 59.6 g/m3/h. A simplified mass balance permitted calculation of the biological water production rate, approximately 22.1 g/m3/h. 相似文献
32.
Yin-Quan Liu Carlos Bernstein Andra Thiel 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(10):1459-1469
Foraging animals usually keep track of how costly it is to reach new resource patches and adjust patch residence time and
exploitation rate accordingly. There are at least two potential factors, which are not necessarily closely linked, that animals
could measure to estimate costs of traveling: the time the forager needs to reach the next patch and the amount of energy
it has to invest until arrival. In the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens, females forage for hosts from which their offspring can develop. Two different types of this parasitoid exist. The thelytokous
type lives in anthropogenic habitats where flight is not necessarily linked with foraging. The arrhenotokous type lives under
field conditions and shows frequent flight activity. We tested whether the wasps would use time or energy needed to assess
patch availability, by either confining them into vials or letting them travel actively in a flight mill between patch visits.
Our results show that in thelytokous lines, time is a sufficient cue influencing patch exploitation and an additional effect
of the energy needed was not visible. In the arrhenotokous wasps, however, only the number of rounds flown in the mill influenced
subsequent behavior, while mere time spent traveling did not.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
33.
Isabelle Amat Emmanuel Desouhant Carlos Bernstein 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(4):563-572
When foraging partially depleted patches (i.e., a fraction of hosts are already parasitized), female parasitoids must decide:
1—whether to superparasitize, and 2—whether to stay in their current patch (thus missing the opportunity of finding a better
patch elsewhere). To make these decisions, parasitoids may rely on different cues, produced both by the environment and by
conspecifics. Animals thriving in different environments may differ in cues they use. In the solitary parasitoid Venturia canescens, thelytokous (asexual) and arrhenotokous (sexual) individuals are found in two contrasting environments. Thelytokous females,
from anthropogenic conditions, are known to cope with superparasitism in an adaptive way. On the other hand, little is known
about superparasitism by arrhenotokous females. We compared the host exploitation strategies of thelytokous and arrhenotokous
females in partially depleted patches. Hosts parasitized by thelytokous females were more frequently avoided than those parasitized
by arrhenotokous females, suggesting a stronger chemical marking of the former. Only thelytokous females used information
from conspecifics for patch-leaving decisions. The conformity of the differences in the behavior of thelytokous and arrhenotokous
females with the environmental conditions they experience in their habitat is discussed. 相似文献
34.
Bioluminescence in the Monterey Submarine Canyon: image analysis of video recordings from a midwater submersible 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. A. Widder S. A. Bernstein D. F. Bracher J. F. Case K. R. Reisenbichler J. J. Torres B. H. Robison 《Marine Biology》1989,100(4):541-551
Video images of bioluminescence were recorded in situ during a 1985 study of the midwater environment of the Monterey Canyon, using a single-person, untethered submersible. Gelatinous organisms were responsible for the most brilliant bioluminescent displays, often exhibiting elaborate kinetics in response to mechanical stimulation. Images of bioluminescent displays recorded from identified organisms are shown and display patterns are described. All bioluminescence emission spectra from captured specimens were blue, with peak emissions between 460 and 494 nm. Image-analysis of recordings of mechanically stimulated bioluminescence revealed source densities between 43 and 175 m-3 and intensities between 2.5 and 37.3 W sr-1 m-3. The predominant display type at all depths studied (between 100 and 560 m) was luminous secretions. Despite high intensities of mechanically stimulated bioluminescence, no spontaneous light production was recorded in the absence of mechanical stimulation. 相似文献
35.
36.
Excess boron is a growing environmental problem. It often affects agricultural yields, where reuse of wastewater for irrigation is practiced. This problem raises the need for reliable, simple and economical methods to monitor boron concentrations in wastewater and soil extracts. One such method, the commonly used azomethine-H spectrophotometric method, suffers from color interference, originating from high concentrations of dissolved organic matter, when applied to many wastewater and agricultural soil extracts. Moreover, this method only quantifies free dissolved boron and lacks the ability to quantify boron that is adsorbed to either the dissolved organic matter or suspended solids that are present in the sample. This work suggests a modification of the standard azomethine-H method, in which the solution is digested with potassium persulfate prior to the standard procedure. We show that this pretreatment can overcome the color interference and lead to highly accurate and precise boron analyses in wastewater. In soil extracts, the boron concentrations obtained using the suggested procedure were better correlated to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry results than those measured by the standard method, because whereas the standard method quantifies the free dissolved boron only, the modified method, like the ICP method, quantifies the total dissolved boron in the sample. Thus, the suggested modification can be used to quantify the respective distributions of free dissolved boron, boron adsorbed to dissolved organic matter and boron adsorbed to suspended solids in soil extracts and water samples. 相似文献