Freedom Space for Rivers: A Sustainable Management Approach to Enhance River Resilience

River systems are increasingly under stress and pressure from agriculture and urbanization in riparian zones, resulting in frequent engineering interventions such as bank stabilization or flood protection. This study provides guidelines for a more sustainable approach to river management based on hydrogeomorphology concepts applied to three contrasted rivers in Quebec (Canada). Mobility and flooding spaces are determined for the three rivers, and three levels of “freedom space” are subsequently defined based on the combination of the two spaces. The first level of freedom space includes very frequently flooded and highly mobile zones over the next 50 years, as well as riparian wetlands. It provides the minimum space for both fluvial and ecological functionality of the river system. On average for the three studied sites, this minimum space was approximately 1.7 times the channel width, but this minimum space corresponds to a highly variable width which must be determined from a thorough hydrogeomorphic assessment and cannot be predicted using a representative average. The second level includes space for floods of larger magnitude and provides for meanders to migrate freely over a longer time period. The last level of freedom space represents exceptional flood zones. We propose the freedom space concept to be implemented in current river management legislation because it promotes a sustainable way to manage river systems, and it increases their resilience to climate and land use changes in comparison with traditional river management approaches which are based on frequent and spatially restricted interventions.     

碳基材料对污水厂尾水和太湖水体中CDOM的吸附特征

采用颗粒活性炭、粉末活性炭和碳纳米管3种典型碳基材料来吸附太湖水和污水厂尾水中的有机物,考察碳基材料对水中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的吸附特征。基于荧光光谱和平行因子分析(PARAFAC),提取出C1(腐殖酸类)、C2(色氨酸类蛋白)和C3(酪氨酸类蛋白)3个PARAFAC荧光组分。粉末活性炭和碳纳米管具有发达的中孔孔隙结构,对水中大分子有机物具有较高的吸附容量,颗粒活性炭微孔结构发达反而不利于吸附水中腐殖酸等大分子有机物。粉末活性炭对水中有机物具有最高的吸附速率,对太湖水中荧光组分C1、C2和C3 的吸附速率分别为0.278、0.358和0.359 min-1,颗粒活性炭的吸附速率明显低于粉末活性炭和碳纳米管。研究结果揭示了水中复杂混合有机物的吸附特征,为吸附工艺参数的优化提供技术参考。     

溶解氧对SBR脱氮性能与脱氮方式的影响

通过设置不同溶解氧(DO)浓度(曝气时段DO浓度均值分别为2.0、1.2和0.4 mg/L),研究了SBR的脱氮性能以及脱氮方式。结果表明,低DO条件下SBR可实现良好的脱氮效果,但需延长曝气时间。运行稳定后,各反应器氨氮的去除率均达到94%以上。总氮去除率随DO水平的降低而增高,分别为67%、74%和78%。不同DO浓度下SBR的脱氮方式不尽相同,DO浓度越低,同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮效果越明显。DO为2.0、1.2和0.4 mg/L时,SND率分别为31.4%、48.3%和66.8%。典型周期性实验表明,DO为2.0 mg/L时,通过SND现象去除的总氮占进水总氮的比例为7.6%,通过内源反硝化去除的总氮为12.0%;DO为1.2 mg/L时,通过亚硝酸型SND现象去除的总氮为12.2%,通过内源反硝化去除的总氮为8.1%;DO为0.4 mg/L时,通过亚硝酸型SND现象去除的总氮为15.8%,通过内源反硝化去除的总氮为5.0%。     

钻井废水的生物强化处理

从受钻井废水污染的土壤样品中筛选菌株进行生物处理实验,确定7株菌进行菌剂配伍。通过正交实验剔除可能有抑制作用的菌株,并确定菌剂各组成菌株的最佳配比,制成复合微生物菌剂。考察5种添加物对菌剂的影响,结果显示,当硫酸铵的添加量为20 mg/L时降解率为60%,高于其他添加物。生物强化实验结果显示,投加菌剂的反应器对钻井废水的平均降解率为42%,比未投加菌剂的对照实验的平均降解率（16%）高,而且耐冲击负荷性和降解性能稳定性优于对照实验。     

自然资源保护委员会

自然资源保护委员会（简称NRDC）是美国最有影响力的环保组织。他们利用法律、科学手段和在线工具并在一百多万会员的支持下以保护地球野生生物及其栖息地,为所有生物提供一个健康的环境为己任。被Worth Magazine评为美国慈善团体百佳,并被“慈善指南”评为四星团体。《美国新闻与世界报道》说,NRDC的律师对环境法律的了解程度胜过政府机构的官员。     

博德的夏天

在曼哈顿那样的大都市,也许你5年也不会与在同一栋摩天大厦工作的人说上一句话。而在博德,抬头就能见到熟人,即使不认识,但打个招呼,问候一声却是常事。这里民风淳朴,邻里关系融洽,社区活动丰富,公益项目繁多,社会治安良好,路不拾遗,夜不闭户。很多人白天外出不锁门,并不是记忆力不好,而是已成了习惯。     

"绿色MBA"关于BELL的中国话题

绿化社会从绿化心灵开始从全球范围来看,虽然因经济发展程度的差异每个国家的环境问题的类型有所不同,但无不面临环境危机我们意识到,要转危为安,我们需要工业文明的变革,社会的转型,价值的重建和市场标准的重型,只有这样,一个“绿色”的可持续发展的社会才有希望接下来的系列文章介绍的是大学工商学院的环境教育,我们相信,要建成一个环境友好型社会和企业,首先要从绿化人的心灵开始[编者按]     

热加工车间热污染回收能力分析

针对热加工车间工业炉体积庞大、散热面分散的特点,采用导流罩的方式使近炉壁受热空气进入炉顶热交换器进行热量回收。使用导流罩可具有炉壁保温、环境美化和有效组织气流等3个方面的优点。根据传热原理着重对露墙及炉墙+导流罩2种方式的热污染排放量进行分析,并得出基本的热量计算公式。又以某轧钢加热炉进行计算引证,采用热泵回收技术后,热污染排放将会减少90%,并可回收热量404 kW,大大减少了向周围环境的热污染。     

Circular economy pattern of livestock manure management in Longyou,China

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The development of biogas programs in rural China has led to great economic, social, ecological and environmental benefits. The focus of this study...