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101.
Hannah V. Uren Peta L. Dzidic Lynne D. Roberts Zoe Leviston Brian J. Bishop 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2019,13(3):395-411
Recent research has shown that many Australians see pro-environmental behaviour as desirable and identify as being green. However when compared to other countries, Australians score poorly on pro-environmental behaviour measures, engaging mostly in tokenistic pro-environmental actions, and demonstrate low levels of concern for the environment. In this article, we examine this tension through exploring the meaning of the term sustainability to Australian participants who self-identify as pro-environmental. Twenty-six interviews were conducted and analysed using a causal layered analysis. Through the examination of participants’ environmental discourse and practices, some of the deeper socio-psychological processes influencing pro-environmental behaviour are revealed. While participants aspired to be green, their actions were bound by cultural traditions and world views that perpetuate environmental degradation. Participants struggled to define the term sustainability and held self-enhancing motives for adopting what they identify as a pro-environmental identity. These findings highlight the influence of collective cultural constructs in shaping how pro-environmental behaviours are understood and enacted. 相似文献
102.
Acidification of soils and surface waters caused by acid deposition is still a major problem in southern Scandinavia, despite
clear signs of recovery. Besides emission control, liming of lakes, streams, and wetlands is currently used to ameliorate
acidification in Sweden. An alternative strategy is forest soil liming to restore the acidified upland soils from which much
acidified runoff originates. This cost–benefit analysis compared these liming strategies with a special emphasis on the time
perspective for expected benefits. Benefits transfer was used to estimate use values for sport ffishing and nonuse values in terms of existence values. The results show that large-scale forest soil liming is not socioeconomically profitable, while
lake liming is, if it is done efficiently—in other words, if only acidified surface waters are treated. The beguiling logic
of “solving” an environmental problem at its source (soils), rather than continuing to treat the symptoms (surface waters),
is thus misleading. 相似文献
103.
This study analyses the relation of forest cover and stream flow on the 266 km2 Koga watershed in a headwater of Blue Nile Basin using both observed hydrological data and community perception. The watershed
declined from 16% forest cover in 1957 to 1% by 1986. The hydrological record did not reveal changes in the flow regime between
1960 and 2002 despite the reduction in forest area. This agrees with the perception of the downstream community living near
the gauging station. The upstream community, however, reported both decreases in low flows and increases in high flows shortly
after the forest cover was reduced. The upstream deforestation effect appeared to have been buffered by a wetland lower in
the watershed. This study concludes that community perception can be a complement to observational data for better understanding
how forest cover influences the flow regime. 相似文献
104.
Worldwide shale-gas development has the potential to cause substantial landscape disturbance. The northeastern U.S., specifically the Allegheny Plateau in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and Kentucky, is experiencing rapid exploration. Using Pennsylvania as a proxy for regional development across the Plateau, we examine land cover change due to shale-gas exploration, with emphasis on forest fragmentation. Pennsylvania’s shale-gas development is greatest on private land, and is dominated by pads with 1–2 wells; less than 10 % of pads have five wells or more. Approximately 45–62 % of pads occur on agricultural land and 38–54 % in forest land (many in core forest on private land). Development of permits granted as of June 3, 2011, would convert at least 644–1072 ha of agricultural land and 536–894 ha of forest land. Agricultural land conversion suggests that drilling is somewhat competing with food production. Accounting for existing pads and development of all permits would result in at least 649 km of new road, which, along with pipelines, would fragment forest cover. The Susquehanna River basin (feeding the Chesapeake Bay), is most developed, with 885 pads (26 % in core forest); permit data suggests the basin will experience continued heavy development. The intensity of core forest disturbance, where many headwater streams occur, suggests that such streams should become a focus of aquatic monitoring. Given the intense development on private lands, we believe a regional strategy is needed to help guide infrastructure development, so that habitat loss, farmland conversion, and the risk to waterways are better managed. 相似文献
105.
S.P. Beaton G.A. Bishop D.H. Stedman 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1424-1429
The University of Denver remote sensor for automobile exhaust was set up for nine days at five locations in the Mexico City area. A total of 31,838 valid readings for CO and HC emissions were obtained. The emissions distribution was unlike any other we have observed in North America or Europe, in that the emissions for both CO and HC were vastly greater than seen elsewhere. The readings are discussed in terms of the fraction of CO and HC which would be measured by a tailpipe probe, and in terms of grams emitted per gallon of gasoline. The median CO emission was 3.8 percent, with half of the CO emissions coming from the 24 percent of the fleet with over 6.6 percent CO in the exhaust. The median HC emission was 1,100 parts per million measured as propane equivalent, while half the emissions come from twelve percent of the fleet with more than 4,000 ppm propane equivalent in the exhaust. 相似文献
106.
Hongwei Zhu Tim L. Orton Paul L. Bishop Soon Jai Khang Kaniz Siddiqui 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1259-1267
Abstract The effects of aeration recirculation on oxygen transfer and the fate of five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly found in publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) influent are studied using various modeling approaches. The five compounds are benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride, toluene, and trichloroethylene. The models predict that the overall oxygen transfer efficiency can be increased by 96.7% at 50% aeration recirculation with only a 9.6% drop in oxygen transfer rate. The emission reductions and biodegradation improvements are compound specific; for the compounds investigated here, about 40% emission reductions and 16% biodegradation increases can be achieved at 50% aeration recirculation. The temperature effect on the VOC fate mechanisms is also investigated. Overall, the model predictions reveal that up to 50% aeration recirculation is effective in controlling VOC emissions. 相似文献