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841.
José Luis Mogollón' Claudio Bifano Brian E. Davies 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1995,17(2):103-111
Soil samples were collected from both the surface and at depth from the lowlands around Lake Valencia and from the adjacent mountains. This paper reports results for Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn in mechanical fractions of the soils. Lowland soils, developed on lacustrine sediments, show a predominance of medium- to fine-grain size fractions whereas the shallow mountain soils show the highest percentage of particles in the coarse to medium fractions. Concentrations of most of the elements investigated increased toward finer particle sizes. The generally higher metal concentrations in lowland soils compared with mountain soils are consistent with release by weathering in the uplands and accumulation in the lowlands. The presence of carbonates derived from ubiquitous shelly material in the lowland soils may explain increases of Ca and Mg in labile fractions. In the lowland area, there is little evidence for the translocation of metals in the soil profiles, despite the high rainfall of a tropical climate, and the calcareous nature of these soils could account for the immobility of metals. 相似文献
842.
In Ireland, mussels on exposed rocky shores constitute an interbreeding mixture of two forms of mussels, the blue mussel,
Mytilus edulis, and the Mediterranean mussel, M. galloprovincialis. Results from an Irish study in the 1980s, using partially diagnostic allozyme markers, indicated that mussels higher up
the shore were more galloprovincialis-like than those lower down. In this study we set out to test two hypotheses: (a) recruits arriving on the shore are composed
of genetically distinct cohorts that settle preferentially at different levels on the shore, and maintain genetic distinctiveness
into adulthood; (b) recruits are genetically homogeneous, but once settled they diverge genetically over time, due to within-habitat
site specific-selection. The diagnostic Me 15/16 DNA marker was used to analyse the genetic composition of newly-settled spat recruiting to artificial substrates, which were
placed at two-week intervals from May–October 2002, on the mid- and low shore areas of two exposed sites in Galway Bay. Adult
mussels were also collected on each sampling date. Results did not support the preferential settlement hypothesis, i.e., the
genetic composition of primary settlers (≤ 500 μm) was similar between tidal heights and shores. Neither was there evidence
of post settlement selective mortality, as adults were genetically similar to settling spat. In spat and adults the frequency
of the M. galloprovincialis allele was high (0.56–0.80), due to high frequencies of M. galloprovincialis (> 37%) and hybrid (> 33%) genotypes, and correspondingly low frequencies of the M. edulis genotype (< 11%). Adult mussels from a nearby sheltered estuarine site, while significantly different to exposed shore mussels,
still had low frequencies of the M. edulis genotype (< 17%), indicating no apparent advantage for the genotype in this environment. There are indications that the genetic
composition of mussels may be changing on the Atlantic coasts of Ireland. 相似文献
843.
Source of lead in humans from Broken Hill mining community 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Brian L. Gulson Donald Howarthl Karen J. Mizon Alistair J. Law Michael J. Korsch Jeffrey J. Davis 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1994,16(1):19-25
This paper documents the first precise lead isotope measurements for men, women and children from the same family in an attempt to determine the source of lead in their blood. The subjects reside in one of the world's largest lead mining cities, Broken Hill, NSW, Australia. Biological and environmental samples have been compared using isotopic compositions and lead contents. Adult males have isotopic profiles (or compositions) which appear to be related to their occupations. Adult females have low blood leads (<10 g dL–1) and their main source of lead is not from the mine dumps around which the city is built but probably from a mixture of petrol, food and perhaps water. The blood lead contents in children from 1 to 14 years old vary and are partly dependent on age. There is a moderate correlation of blood lead and isotopic compositions (r = 0.73) indicating that a significant component of blood lead derives from the mine dumps in children with elevated blood leads. Some children with blood leads <20 g dL–1, however, also have a dominant component of mine lead in their blood 相似文献
844.
Carrie Jones Carol Booth Debra Rita Lydia Jazmines Rhonda Spiro Brian McCulloch Christopher McCaskill Lisa G. Shaffer 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(9):843-848
We report a case of maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 10 discovered after chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Direct preparations revealed mosaic trisomy 10, while cultured CVS cells, as well as amniotic fluid cells, showed only a normal 46,XY complement. DNA analysis using microsatellite markers showed both chromosomes 10 to have been inherited from the mother. The pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. A phenotypically normal male infant of appropriate size was delivered by Caesarean section at 41 weeks' gestation. Since only the direct preparations showed trisomy 10, this case illustrates the importance of CVS direct preparations in the detection of pregnancies at risk of uniparental disomy (UPD). Although the increased frequency of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) diagnosed when direct preparations are performed has been viewed negatively, identification of both CPM and UPD may have biological and clinical significance for a pregnancy. Even though only a single case of maternal disomy 10 is reported here, the apparently normal phenotype provides evidence that there are no major imprinted loci on chromosome 10 that affect in utero growth and development. However, other potential effects such as mental retardation will require long-term follow-up of this as well as additional cases. 相似文献
845.
Susanna Reid Barry Smit Wayne Caldwell Suzanne Belliveau 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(4):609-637
A vulnerability approach to climate change adaptation research is employed to explore prospects of agricultural adaptation
to climatic variability and change. The methodological approach focuses on the system of concern, in this case, farms in Perth
County, Ontario. Twenty-five interviews and four focus groups with farmers were used to identify climate risks on farms, and
to document farmers’ responses to conditions and risks associated with climate and weather. The information collected describes
a complex decision-making environment, with many forces both external and internal to the farm operation influencing management
decisions. Within this environment, climate and weather are consistently referred to as a significant force influencing both
farm operations and management decisions. Farmers have, however, developed a wide-range of anticipatory and reactive management
strategies to manage climate risks. While these have potential to address future climate-related risks and opportunities,
there are limits to adaptation, and an increase in the frequency of extreme events may exceed their adaptive capacities. Farmers
are also generally unaware and/or unconcerned about future climate change, which could constrain opportunities to adopt long-term
climate change adaptations. 相似文献
846.
Reid BJ Papanikolaou ND Wilcox RK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,133(3):447-454
The catabolic activity with respect to the systemic herbicide isoproturon was determined in soil samples by (14)C-radiorespirometry. The first experiment assessed levels of intrinsic catabolic activity in soil samples that represented three dissimilar soil series under arable cultivation. Results showed average extents of isoproturon mineralisation (after 240 h assay time) in the three soil series to be low. A second experiment assessed the impact of addition of isoproturon (0.05 microg kg(-1)) into these soils on the levels of catabolic activity following 28 days of incubation. Increased catabolic activity was observed in all three soils. A third experiment assessed levels of intrinsic catabolic activity in soil samples representing a single soil series managed under either conventional agricultural practice (including the use of isoproturon) or organic farming practice (with no use of isoproturon). Results showed higher (and more consistent) levels of isoproturon mineralisation in the soil samples collected from conventional land use. The final experiment assessed the impact of isoproturon addition on the levels of inducible catabolic activity in these soils. The results showed no significant difference in the case of the conventional farm soil samples while the induction of catabolic activity in the organic farm soil samples was significant. 相似文献
847.
Enhanced biodegradation of azo dyes using an integrated elemental iron-activated sludge system: I. Evaluation of system performance. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jennie Perey Saxe Brian L Lubenow Pei C Chiu Chin-Pao Huang Daniel K Cha 《Water environment research》2006,78(1):19-25
The objective of this research is to evaluate an integrated system coupling zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) and aerobic biological oxidation for the treatment of azo dye wastewater. Zero-valent (elemental) iron can reduce the azo bond, cleaving dye molecules into products that are more amenable to aerobic biological treatment processes. Azo dye reduction products, including aniline and sulfanilic acid, were shown to be readily biodegradable at concentrations up to approximately 25 mg/L. Batch reduction and biodegradation data support the proposed integrated iron pretreatment and activated sludge process for the degradation of the azo dyes orange G and orange I. The integrated system was able to decolorize dye solutions and yield effluents with lower total organic carbon concentrations than control systems without iron pretreatment. The success of the bench-scale integrated system suggests that iron pretreatment may be a feasible approach to treat azo dye containing wastewaters. 相似文献
848.
Raquel Duarte-Davidson Peter Clayton Peter Coleman Brian J. Davis Crispin J. Halsall Peter Harding-Jones Karl Pettit Mike J. Woodfield Kevin C. Jones 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1994,1(4):262-270
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) have been monitored in air and deposition at four UK urban sites (London, Cardiff, Manchester and Stevenage) since the beginning of 1991; data from the first 2 years are presented here. Median Σ2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F concentrations in air were 3.2, 4.0, 3.5 and 2.6 pg/m3 respectively for London, Cardiff, Manchester and Stevenage. Median Σ2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F deposition fluxes were 1.5 ng/m2/day in London, 1.4 ng/m2/day in Cardiff and Manchester and 0.79 ng/m2/day in Stevenage. Seasonal variations in the PCDD/F concentrations were observed at all sites for both air and deposition, with concentrations/fluxes generally elevated during the winter. 相似文献
849.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were analyzed in surficial sediments and benthic organisms in southwestern Lake Erie near a large coal fired power plant. Sediment concentrations (530–770 ppb PAH) were relatively homogenous throughout most of the 150 km2 area, although river and nearshore concentrations reached nearly 4 ppm. Oligochaete worms and chironomid midges were near equilibrium with local sediments except for enhanced concentrations in nearshore midges. 相似文献
850.