Integrated action planning for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of highland aquatic resources: evaluating outcomes for the Beijiang River,China

The need for enhanced environmental planning and management for highland aquatic resources is described and a rationale for integrated action planning is presented. Past action planning initiatives for biodiversity conservation and wetland management are reviewed. A reflective account is given of integrated action planning from five sites in China, India and Vietnam. Eight planning phases are described encompassing: stakeholder assessment and partner selection; rapport building and agreement on collaboration; integrated biodiversity, ecosystem services, livelihoods and policy assessment; problem analysis and target setting; strategic planning; planning and organisation of activities; coordinated implementation and monitoring; evaluation and revised target setting. The scope and targeting of actions are evaluated using the Driving forces, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses framework and compatibility with biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development objectives are assessed. Criteria to evaluate the quality of planning processes are proposed. Principles for integrated action planning elaborated here should enable stakeholders to formulate plans to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the wise use of wetlands.     

运动对2,3,7,8-TCDD持续染毒大鼠肝脏LXRa蛋白、ACC1、FAS、SCD1 mRNA表达的影响

研究运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)持续染毒大鼠肝脏脂质合成代谢关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶1(ACC1)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)m RNA及转录因子肝X受体a(LXRa)蛋白表达的影响,探讨环境污染物引发代谢性疾病的发病机制,为运动锻炼防控环境健康风险提供理论支持。将24只8周龄雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(C组)、染毒组(T组)、运动染毒组(ET组)。T、ET组腹腔注射首剂量6.4μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)的2,3,7,8-TCDD,之后每隔1周给予上述剂量的21%持续染毒,连续7周。ET组尾部负重(5%体重)进行游泳运动,每周5 d,每次30 min。8周后处死动物,计算肝脏相对重量,检测肝脏甘油三酯(TG)含量,实时荧光定量PCR检测肝脏ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA表达,免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测肝脏LXRa蛋白表达。结果显示8周2,3,7,8-TCDD持续染毒可显著增加肝脏脂质合成代谢关键酶ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA及转录因子LXRa蛋白表达,8周游泳运动可显著降低染毒大鼠ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA及LXRa蛋白表达。上述结果表明2,3,7,8-TCDD可以引起大鼠肝脏LXRa蛋白表达增高,进而LXRa通过调控靶基因ACC1、FAS、SCD1 m RNA的表达,造成脂质代谢紊乱,肝脏甘油三酯沉积,而有氧运动降低了肝脏中脂质的沉积,提示运动干预可以改善二噁英类污染物造成的肝脏脂质代谢紊乱。     

双齿围沙蚕对芘的生物可利用性研究

为近海岸沉积质中PAHs的生态风险评价及其污染生境的修复提供理论依据,以双齿围沙蚕为研究对象,以芘为暴露污染物,开展双齿围沙蚕对芘的生物可利用性研究,分别考察了芘对双齿围沙蚕抗氧化酶活性的影响以及芘在双齿围沙蚕体内的生物富集特征。结果表明,双齿围沙蚕SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性均随诱导时间的增加而升高,且SOD活性随芘浓度的增加出现显著性抑制,CAT和GSH-PX活性则随芘浓度的增加出现显著性升高。芘在双齿围沙蚕体内的生物富集特征如下:双齿围沙蚕体内芘的蓄积量随暴露浓度的增加而增加,各处理组双齿围沙蚕体内芘的蓄积量随时间的变化均呈类凸形的二次曲线关系,在第10天达到蓄积的最大值,最大蓄积量依次为(6.18±0.62)mg·kg~(-1)、(12.37±1.23)mg·kg~(-1)和(24.76±1.51)mg·kg~(-1)。生物富集系数BCF随芘浓度的增加而减小,分别为0.0692、0.0684和0.0674。上述研究结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,双齿围沙蚕抗氧化酶活性对芘的暴露具有很好的指示作用;此外,在短期内,双齿围沙蚕对芘具有明显的富集效应。     

Impacts of Human Behavioral Heterogeneity on the Benefits of Probabilistic Flood Warnings: An Agent‐Based Modeling Framework

Flood forecasts and warnings are intended to reduce flood‐related property damages and loss of human life. Considerable research has improved flood forecasting accuracy (e.g., more accurate prediction of the occurrence of flood events) and lead time. However, the delivery of improved forecast information alone is not necessarily sufficient to reduce flood damage and loss of life, as people have varying responses and reactions to flood warnings. This study develops an agent‐based modeling framework that evaluates the impacts of heterogeneity in human behaviors (i.e., variation in behaviors in response to flood warnings), as well as residential density, on the benefits of flood warnings. The framework is coupled with a traffic model to simulate evacuation processes within a road network under various flood warning scenarios. The results show the marginal benefit associated with providing better flood warnings is significantly constrained if people behave in a more risk‐tolerant manner, especially in high‐density residential areas. The results also show significant impacts of human behavioral heterogeneity on the benefits of flood warnings, and thus stress the importance of considering human behavioral heterogeneity in simulating flood warning‐response systems. Further study is suggested to more accurately model human responses and behavioral heterogeneity, as well as to include more attributes of residential areas to estimate and improve the benefits of flood warnings.     

An overview of nanomaterials applied for removing dyes from wastewater

Organic dyes are one of the most commonly discharged pollutants in wastewaters; however, many conventional treatment methods cannot treat them effectively. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed rapid development of nanotechnologies, which offered new opportunities for developing innovative methods to treat dye-contaminated wastewater with low price and high efficiency. The large surface area, modified surface properties, unique electron conduction properties, etc. offer nanomaterials with excellent performances in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment. For examples, the agar-modified monometallic/bimetallic nanoparticles have the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 875.0 mg/g, which are several times higher than conventional adsorbents. Among various nanomaterials, the carbonaceous nanomaterials, nano-sized TiO₂, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) are considered as the most promising nanomaterials for removing dyes from water phase. However, some challenges, such as high cost and poor separation performance, still limit their engineering application. This article reviewed the recent advances in the nanomaterials used for dye removal via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and biological treatment. The modification methods for improving the effectiveness of nanomaterials are highlighted. Finally, the current knowledge gaps of developing nanomaterials on the environmental application were discussed, and the possible further research direction is proposed.     

Deciphering biodegradable chelant-enhanced phytoremediation through microbes and nitrogen transformation in contaminated soils

Biodegradable chelant-enhanced phytoremediation offers an alternative treatment technique for metal contaminated soils, but most studies to date have addressed on phytoextraction efficiency rather than comprehensive understanding of the interactions among plant, soil microbes, and biodegradable chelants. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of biodegradable chelants, including nitrilotriacetate, S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), and citric acid on soil microbes, nitrogen transformation, and metal removal from contaminated soils. The EDDS addition to soil showed the strongest ability to promote the nitrogen cycling in soil, ryegrass tissue, and microbial metabolism in comparison with other chelants. Both bacterial community-level physiological profiles and soil mass specific heat rates demonstrated that soil microbial activity was inhibited after the EDDS application (between day 2 and 10), but this effect completely vanished on day 30, indicating the revitalization of microbial activity and community structure in the soil system. The results of quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the EDDS application stimulated denitrification in soil by increasing nitrite reductase genes, especially nirS. These new findings demonstrated that the nitrogen release capacity of biodegradable chelants plays an important role in accelerating nitrogen transformation, enhancing soil microbial structure and activity, and improving phytoextraction efficiency in contaminated soil.     

CTAC改性活性炭制备CDI电极性能

采用十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性粉末活性炭(PAC),来提高活性炭电极的电化学性能和电极对砷离子的吸附能力.以质量浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1)的CTAC改性粉末活性炭(PAC)12 h,并以此活性炭制备电极,电极的比电容为67 F·g~(-1),相比未改性PAC电极提升45%,电极扩散电阻稍有增加.通过优化电极制备成分配比,以CB∶PVDF∶CTAC-PAC=15∶5∶80比例制备的CTAC-PAC电极的比电容为112 F·g~(-1),相比未改性PAC电极提升143%,扩散电阻稍有增加.在100μg·L~(-1)砷溶液吸附实验中,优化制备条件后的CTAC-PAC电极,对砷离子吸附量相比未改性PAC电极提升32%,出水砷浓度为8μg·L~(-1).     

Occupational exposure to synthetic musks in barbershops,compared with the common exposure in the dormitories and households

Synthetic musks (SMs) have been widely used as fragrance ingredients in personal care and sanitary commodities. Due to their high volatility and particle-binding affinity, the indoor dust is a major reservoir of SMs, and dust ingestion could be an important exposure way to special populations, such as hairdressers. In spite of the known toxicity of SMs, there is no information regarding the occurrence of SMs in barbershop dusts and the exposure of hairdressers through indoor dust ingestion. In the present study, the levels of two nitro musks and five polycyclic musks were measured from indoor dust samples collected from barbershops, and some other indoor dust samples were also collected from dormitories, bathhouses and households for comparison. The concentrations of ∑SMs in barbershop dusts were 10–100 times higher than those from the other three indoor microenvironments. Polycyclic musks accounted for 89.4% of ∑SMs on average in all samples, of which two compounds, HHCB and AHTN jointly dominated 97.9% of polycyclic musks. The levels of HHCB and AHTN varied from 12.2 to 8.39 × 10⁵ and from 13.2 to 3.49 × 10⁵ ng g⁻¹, respectively. The daily intakes (DIs) of ∑SMs through house dust ingestion were estimated using the model of high dust ingestion and worst-case exposure (P95), and the corresponding exposure rates were 2791, 135 and 727 ng d⁻¹ for the hairdressers, general population and toddlers. SMs were also detected in blood samples collected from the hairdressers and normal adults (n = 50 and 10, respectively). There was no significant difference between these two groups. Despite the absence of higher SM concentrations in hairdresser’s blood, we should not overlook the potential occupational health risks due to their high SMs ingestion rate.     

磷酸活化石墨的氧还原特性以及用于微生物燃料电池阴极

研究了磷酸活化对石墨电极上氧还原反应的影响,并考察了磷酸活化石墨材料应用于微生物燃料电池阴极的可行性。首先以循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法考察了经磷酸活化的石墨材料的氧还原能力,发现经质量分数为85%磷酸活化12 h后其氧还原能力最强;然后将活化石墨材料应用于微生物燃料电池的阴极,进行极化曲线和功率密度曲线的测定。结果表明,磷酸活化阴极微生物燃料电池的最大功率密度可达7.92 W/m3,为未活化石墨阴极微生物燃料电池的3.4倍;同时进行了电化学比表面积的测定及FTIR的分析测定,结果表明,磷酸活化石墨颗粒的比表面积(7.716m2/g)较未活化颗粒(10.940 m2/g)略有减小,但其表面官能团的数量和种类发生了很大变化。表面官能团的变化可能是导致石墨材料氧还原能力增强及MFCs产电性能提高的重要原因。     

巢湖湖岸砂石的磷吸附特性研究

以巢湖湖岸上富含铁、铝、锰等元素的砂石为实验材料,研究其对水体中磷的吸附效果。实验表明:在砂石对磷的吸附过程中,同时存在着物理吸附和化学吸附,且以化学吸附作用为主,符合准二级动力学模型;砂石对磷的作用与溶液初始磷浓度有关,磷释放与吸附的临界浓度点约为0.04 mg/L;砂石对磷的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大吸附量约为1 428.57 mg/kg,对磷的吸附效果比普通沙石要好,且经济易得。