中空柱状生物膜载体在处理工业废水工程中的应用

本文介绍新开发的一种在污水处理中的高科技产品一高效生物膜载体,通过对其在与其他处理方式各方面择比研究过程中的高找到其特点,推广新科技。     

植物根系固土作用对崩岗稳定性影响的数值模拟

植物护坡是防治崩岗侵蚀的重要方法,为了研究根系固土作用对鄂东南通城县崩岗崩壁稳定性的影响,将根系简化为主直根型,通过室内试验得到崩壁各土层的力学参数,应用Abaqus程序构建造林崩壁稳定性分析模型(将崩壁坡面以直线近似替代),分别计算了主根系长度、种植间距、根系布置位置、主根入土方位、侧根分支角度、根系相对加固位置的变化对崩壁稳定安全系数的影响。模拟结果表明:在控制崩壁植物根系单变量变化的条件下,主根长度越大,崩壁的安全系数越大;安全系数与种植间距之间呈双折线负相关关系;安全系数随着侧根分支角度的增加先增大后减小;安全系数随着根系距坡趾距离的增加先递增后回落直至趋于稳定;只在坡面偏下部的局部范围内种植主根垂直坡面生长的植物时安全系数存在最优值。     

Ceramic membrane fouling mechanisms and control for water treatment

● The fouling is summarized based on ceramic membrane performance and pollutants. ● The current research methods and theoretical models are summarized. ● The membrane fouling control methods and collaborative technology are reviewed. Membrane separation, as an important drinking water treatment technology, has wide applications. The remarkable advantages of ceramic membranes, such as chemical stability, thermal stability, and high mechanical strength, endow them with broader prospects for development. Despite the importance and advantages of membrane separation in water treatment, the technique has a limitation: membrane fouling, which greatly lowers its effectiveness. This is caused by organics, inorganic substances, and microorganisms clogging the pore and polluting the membrane surface. The increase in membrane pollution greatly lowers purification effectiveness. Controlling membrane fouling is critical in ensuring the efficient and stable operation of ceramic membranes for water treatment. This review analyzes four mechanisms of ceramic membrane fouling, namely complete blocking, standard blocking, intermediate blocking, and cake filtration blocking. It evaluates the mechanisms underlying ceramic membrane fouling and summarizes the progress in approaches aimed at controlling it. These include ceramic membrane pretreatment, ceramic membrane surface modification, membrane cleaning, magnetization, ultrasonics, and nanobubbles. This review highlights the importance of optimizing ceramic membrane preparation through further research on membrane fouling and pre-membrane pretreatment mechanisms. In addition, combining process regulations with ceramic membranes as the core is an important research direction for ceramic membrane-based water treatment.     

以粉煤灰和电石渣为催化剂的聚丙烯裂解模型研究

对粉煤灰和电石渣为催化剂的聚丙烯裂解进行模型研究.通过模型计算了裂解反应的表观活化能、频率因子、反应级数等.模型计算表明随着反应温度的升高反应速率增加,达到相同转化率所需反应时间减少.当剂塑比从0增加到30%时,聚丙烯裂解的活化能呈现降低的趋势,特别当剂塑比为30%时,其活化能降低约50%.说明粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯裂解具有一定的催化效果.     

旋风静电除尘器流场分布测试研究

利用五孔探针系统对直筒式旋风静电除尘器模型的三维流场进行了测定与分析.结果表明:随着入口风速、供电电压增加,旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向和径向速度分别增加,各截面轴向速度沿半径的分布基本相似;与旋风除尘器相比,旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向速度和径向速度的变化更为平缓,入口风速为8.5 m/s时,在0.3～0.5倍简体直径时,切向速度达最大.     

甲基叔丁基醚的污染治理技术研究进展

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)是一种无铅汽油添加剂,其广泛使用造成了土壤和地下水污染;同时对人类有可疑致癌作用,因此成为人们关注的焦点.对近年来国外MTBE的污染治理技术研究进展进行了综述,并对主要方法进行了对比.在适宜的微生物存在条件下,MTBE的生物降解是可以发生的;植物修复技术可用于地下水和土壤污染治理;物理化学方法种类繁多,包括吸附和高级氧化等,其处理效率高成本也较高;新的处理技术如渗透性活性障壁PRB、膜分离/催化技术等也在研究之中.     

纳米TiO2光电催化氧化法测定COD的影响因素

以纳米TiO2为光阳极,利用薄层微型反应器纳米TiO2光电催化氧化的方法测定COD,具有快速、准确、无二次污染的特点。研究了电解质类型、光源种类等对薄层微型反应器中光电催化测定COD的影响。研究结果表明：与NaNO,和KCl比较,NaH2PO4作电解质时的紫外光吸收低、电极表面氧化性能稳定,性能良好;与镓灯、碘镓灯比较,中压汞灯的紫外光谱丰富、辐射照度大,有利于TiO2光电催化反应的进行;通过热重分析,确定电极薄膜的烧结温度为520℃。     

利用3S技术进行小城镇生态功能区划--以北京市怀柔区北房镇为例

本文以北京市怀柔区北房镇为例,介绍了3S技术在小城镇生态功能区划中的特点和优势.     

京沪高速氯气泄漏以及处置过程对水体环境的影响

本文对京沪高速淮阴区段发生的氯气泄漏事故对周围水体的污染进行了分析,提出了处理意见。     

Phosphorus transformation under the influence of aluminum,organic carbon,and dissolved oxygen at the water-sediment interface: A simulative study

• The three simulation factors caused various changes in both water and sediment. • Responses to simulations differed with the reported natural lakes and wetlands. • Al has dominant effects on sediment P release control among the three factors. • Adding sediment Al can be effective and safe under the simulated conditions. • Polyphosphates were not generated, while added phytate was rather stable. The effects of sediment aluminum (Al), organic carbon (OC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) on phosphorus (P) transformation, at the water-sediment interface of a eutrophic constructed lake, were investigated via a series of simulative experiments. The above three factors had various influences on dissolved P concentration, water pH, water and surface sediment appearance, and P fractions. Additions of Al had the greatest effect on suppressing P release, and the water pH remained alkaline in the water-sediment system under various OC and DO conditions. No dissolution of the added Al was detected. ³¹P-NMR characterization suggested that OC addition did not promote biological P uptake to polyphosphates under oxic conditions. The simulation result on the added phytate indicated the absence of phytate in the original lake sediment. As compared to the reported natural lakes and wetland, the water-sediment system of the constructed lake responded differently to some simulative conditions. Since Al, OC, and DO can be controlled with engineering methods, the results of this study provide insights for the practical site restorations.