Developing a predictive understanding of landscape importance to the Punan-Pelancau of East Kalimantan, Borneo

In order for local community views to be incorporated into new development initiatives, their perceptions need to be clearly understood and documented in a format that is readily accessible to planners and developers. The current study sought to develop a predictive understanding of how the Punan Pelancau community, living in a forested landscape in East Kalimantan, assigns importance to its surrounding landscapes and to present these perceptions in the form of maps. The approach entailed the iterative use of a combination of participatory community evaluation methods and more formal modeling and geographic information system techniques. Results suggest that landscape importance is largely dictated by potential benefits, such as inputs to production, health, and houses. Neither land types nor distance were good predictors of landscape importance. The grid-cell method, developed as part of the study, appears to offer a simple technique to capture and present the knowledge of local communities, even where their relationship to the land is highly complex, as was the case for this particular community.     

Desorption of copper and cadmium from soils enhanced by organic acids

The adsorption/desorption behavior of copper and cadmium on soils was investigated in this study. The adsorption isotherm of copper and cadmium conformed to Langmuir equation better than Freundlich equation. The effect of ionic strength, pH, and organic acid, including ethylenediamine tetraacetic disodium acid salt (EDTA), citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, on the desorption of copper and cadmium was studied. The desorption of copper and cadmium increased with the increase of ionic strength, while the desorption decreased with the rise of pH. The desorption of copper and cadmium enhanced by organic acids was influenced by pH. EDTA showed excellent enhancement on the desorption of both copper and cadmium; citric acid demonstrated great enhancement on the desorption of copper but negligible enhancement on the desorption of cadmium; oxalic acid enhanced the desorption of copper only at pH around 6.4 and enhanced the desorption of cadmium in the pH range from 6.4 to 10.7; tartaric acid slightly enhanced the desorption of copper but negligibly enhanced the desorption of cadmium. The desorption mechanism in the presence of organic acids were explained as the competition of complexation, adsorption and precipitation. The net effect determined the desorption efficiency. This study provided guidance for the selection of organic acids to enhance the electrokinetic (EK) remediation of copper and cadmium from contaminated soils.     

毛乌素沙漠东部边缘中β尺度暴雨和冰雹综合分析

利用多普勒雷达资料、Micaps系统提供的常规观测资料和物理量场,对2006年9月20日发生在毛乌素沙漠东部边缘的一次强对流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:冰雹和暴雨是由两块呈块状的中β尺度强对流单体造成的;地面能量比中α尺度"Ω"系统的生成,为能量的积聚和集中释放提供了有利条件;地面能量比中β尺度能量比低值舌的生成,为强对流天气的发生提供了抬升触发机制;冰雹和暴雨发生前,涡度场和散度场的耦合、影响雹暴区次级环流的形成,为雹暴的发生维持提供了动力机制;850 hPa等压面上湿正压场和湿斜压场的配合、以及湿位涡的三维空间结构,对雹暴的发生及落区有指示意义;在多普勒雷达径向速度场上,雹暴运动的前方对流层低层有中气旋生成,雹暴运动的后方对流层低层有中反气旋生成,而对流层中高层有辐散生成,且超级单体特征明显。     

西部大开发中“西气东输”的储量保证与可持续发展

在西部大开发中 ,能源占有举足轻重的作用。我国西部的塔里木、准噶尔、吐 -哈、柴达木、鄂尔多斯、四川等六大含油气盆地含有丰富的天然气资源 ,储量大于 5 0 0× 10 8m3的 9个大气田中 ,西部就占 7个。中国天然气预测资源总量为 38× 10 12 m3,其中西部天然气预测资源量为 2 2 .4× 10 12 m3,占天然气预测资源总量的 5 8.9%。仅就西部的塔里木盆地而言 ,剩余可采储量为 3397× 10 8m3,按年产 12 0× 10 8m3计算 ,储采比为 2 8,塔里木盆地天然气有动态稳产 30年的储量保证 ,这对于“西气东输”工程的实施、西部经济的腾飞和可持续发展具有重要意义     

用MnSO_4作催化剂测定废水中的COD

介绍了用 Mn SO4代替 Ag2 SO4作催化剂测定废水中 COD的方法。该方法可降低分析成本 ,且使回流时间缩短为 30 m in,方法的变异系数、回收率分别为 0 .6 5 %和 96 .8%～10 0 .8%     

氧化-吸附法联合处理油田酸化废水

实验采用双氧水氧化与活性炭吸附联合作用的方法处理酸化废水,并确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明,该法能有效降低酸化废水中污染物含量,CODＣr去除率可达82.8％。与先用双氧水氧化,然后用活性炭吸附分步法处理比较,该法操作简单,节省费用,而且可提高处理效果。     

通过合理利用促进珍稀濒危植物保护

文章分别以银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、厚朴(Magnolia officinalis)、红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana)等珍稀濒危物种为例,从正反两方面阐述了采用合理利用手段能对珍稀濒危物种的保护起直接作用.提出应该改变人们竭泽而渔的消费观念;加强珍稀濒危物种的育种与栽培研究,提高产业化程度;加强"致死性"利用物种的替代性研究,减少对野生资源的毁灭性利用;加强立法执法,规范市场;注重产业化过程中的知识产权保护与国家资源流失问题等多个方面着手开展工作,最终达到实现利用与保护的和谐统一.     

Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt in surface dust of Fallon,Nevada

Spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt are described for surface dust of Fallon, Nevada, where a cluster of childhood leukemia has been ongoing since 1997. In earlier research, airborne tungsten and cobalt was shown to be elevated in total suspended particulates in Fallon. To fine-tune the spatial patterns of tungsten and cobalt deposition in Fallon, surface dust was collected in a grid pattern within as well as outside of Fallon to establish background concentrations of metals. In surface dust, tungsten and cobalt show sharp peaks (934 ppm and 98 ppm, respectively) within Fallon just north of highway 50 and west of highway 95. These two peaks overlap spatially, and given the grid pattern used for collecting surface dust, the source area of these two airborne metals can be pinpointed to the vicinity of hard-metal industry located north of highway 50 and west of highway 95. Fallon is distinctive in west central Nevada because of high airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates, and given its cluster of childhood leukemia, it stands to reason that additional biomedical research is in order to test directly the leukogenicity of combined airborne tungsten and cobalt particulates.     

魅力古镇:杨柳青青奔小康

有着千年文化底蕴的杨柳青镇,位于天津市西青区,是区委、区政府所在地,其辖区面积64平方公里,有25个行政村,全镇11万人口,是天津市重点建设的八大外围组团之一,更是天津与环渤海经济圈内最大的乡镇。近些年随着经济的迅猛发展,新区的现代化建设充满了活力,使杨柳青在悠悠古镇的基础上,又增添了现代的气息。2003年,杨柳青当选为“津门新十景”。同年,又被国家环保总局命名为全国首批14个环境优美乡镇之一。