柴油车排气微粒捕集用复合金属丝网的制备与性能研究

论述了用于柴油车排气微粒捕集器的复合金属丝网的制备和测试过程 ,讨论了丝网层数和涂层负载对复合金属丝网过滤性能的影响 ,并分析了其捕集机理     

城市污水一级强化处理工艺——高负荷生物吸附再生法的应用研究

根据理论分析提出生物吸附-沉淀-再生的城市污水处理工艺,即高负荷生物吸附再生法.该工艺对污染物去除的作用主要包括污泥的絮凝作用、吸附作用和生物代谢作用,而以前两者的作用为主.对城市污水的生产性试验研究结果表明,该工艺能够较大程度地提高SS、COD、SCOD和BOD等污染物的去除率,具有明显的处理效果,对于西北干旱缺水地区实现污水资源化是切实可行的方法.     

植物吸收和降解水体中多氯代有机污染物的作用

对黑麦草吸收和降解水中以1,2,4TCB和pp′DDT为代表的PCOPs进行了初步研究。结果表明,黑麦草能不同程度吸收和降解1,2,4TCB和pp′DDT,降低水中PCOPs含量。与吸收和降解土壤中PCOPs的能力相比,黑麦草修复受PCOPs污染水体的能力相对较弱。     

污水灌溉区土壤重金属的空间分布特征

通过对北运河香河段污灌区不同深度土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量的监测分析,评价污灌对土壤重金属含量造成的影响。结果表明,土壤中重金属含量和土壤理化性质、土壤深度以及污灌时间、污灌水重金属含量直接相关。     

模糊综合评价法在乐安河水质评价中的应用

根据模糊数学的原理,建立了地表水环境质量模糊综合评价模型,模型不仅计算简便而且充分体现了其系统性、综合性的特点。利用建立的模型对江西省重点整治的河流乐安河进行了水质评价,为污染控制提供了科学依据。     

页岩气增产采出水处理方法研究

针对页岩气增产采出水易起泡,难以平稳蒸发脱盐的问题,利用"预处理+多效蒸发"处理方法,对井站两种不同性质的采出水进行中试,连续监测各工艺单元处理后水质及蒸发出水水质。结果表明:通过破乳混凝、催化氧化、电荷中和及除硬等步骤,能够完全消除泡排水起泡性;中试稳定运行7d,两种泡排水蒸发出水水质稳定,COD浓度<55mg/L,NH4^+-N浓度<18mg/L,满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准;Cl^-浓度<21mg/L,满足DB 51/190-1993《四川省水污染物排放标准》要求。     

Identifying factors that influence soil heavy metals by using categorical regression analysis: A case study in Beijing,China

A method was proposed to identify the main influence factors of soil heavy metals. The influence degree of different environmental factors was ranked. Parent material, soil type, land use and industrial activity were main factors. Interactions between some factors obviously affected soil heavy metal distribution. Identifying the factors that influence the heavy metal contents of soil could reveal the sources of soil heavy metal pollution. In this study, a categorical regression was used to identify the factors that influence soil heavy metals. First, environmental factors were associated with soil heavy metal data, and then, the degree of influence of different factors on the soil heavy metal contents in Beijing was analyzed using a categorical regression. The results showed that the soil parent material, soil type, land use type, and industrial activity were the main influencing factors, which suggested that these four factors were important sources of soil heavy metals in Beijing. In addition, population density had a certain influence on the soil Pb and Zn contents. The distribution of soil As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was markedly influenced by interactions, such as traffic activity and land use type, industrial activity and population density. The spatial distribution of soil heavy metal hotspots corresponded well with the influencing factors, such as industrial activity, population density, and soil parent material. In this study, the main factors affecting soil heavy metals were identified, and the degree of their influence was ranked. A categorical regression represents a suitable method for identifying the factors that influence soil heavy metal contents and could be used to study the genetic process of regional soil heavy metal pollution.     

一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌的筛选及生长条件研究

从广东省大宝山矿区尾矿中分离纯化得到一株嗜酸细菌,对其进行DNA提取和16S rRNA扩增后测序,将测序结果与国际基因数据库Genbank中已有相关菌株序列进行相似性比对后,发现该菌株与氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacil-lus ferrooxidans)Tf-49菌位于系统发育树的同一分支中,二者相似度高达99%以上,确定其为氧化亚铁硫杆菌并命名为DBS-8菌。另外,通过设计5因素4水平的正交实验,研究了接种量、培养温度、硫酸铵浓度、初始pH和初始亚铁浓度对该菌株生长状况的影响。结果表明适宜该菌株生长的最佳初始条件为:20%的接种量、3.0 g/L硫酸铵、9.0 g/L初始亚铁、pH=2.0和28℃培养,各初始条件对细菌生长影响的顺序为:pH初始亚铁浓度接种量温度硫酸铵浓度。     

活性炭纤维载体生物膜法处理洗车废水研究

为了实现洗车废水的循环使用,进行了以聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PAN-ACF)为生物膜载体处理洗车废水的实验研究。以LAS、COD和NH3-N等指标考察了活性炭纤维生物膜反应器对洗车废水的处理效果。结果表明:在常温下、pH=6.5~7,当进水流量在30 mL/min时,反应器达到最佳运行参数,活性炭纤维载体生物膜法对LAS、COD和NH3-N等的去除率分别达到了97%、80%和60%。出水水质完全达到《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ/T48-99)中洗车用水主要水质指标的规定。此外,实验表明PAN-ACF作为生物膜载体具有很好的生物亲和性和再生性。     

膜生物反应器中同步硝化反硝化机制及影响因子探讨

通过膜生物反应器的连续运行,研究了DO、C/N比、F/M和pH等影响因子对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化的影响,并对其影响机制进行了分析。实验结果表明,DO、C/N比、F/M和pH是同步硝化反硝化效果的重要影响因子;膜生物反应器中pH值的变化在7左右,DO为0.8 mg/L,C/N比为10,F/M在0.15~0.36 kg COD/(kg MLSS.d)之间时能发生比较好的同步硝化反硝化现象。