电子鼻预处理装置的开发及适用性研究

针对气敏传感器的信号响应受气体湿度影响较大的问题,开发了一套用于快速检测和实时监测土壤中挥发性氯代烃污染的电子鼻的预处理装置.优选了干燥剂的材质,评价了最适干燥剂的除湿性能和对氯代烃化合物的吸附情况;把预处理装置与电子鼻联用,通过与气相色谱（GC）检测结果的比较,评价了其用于土壤通风净化过程监测的适用情况.结果表明：①以无水氯化钙和卤代烃分离管搭配组合的干燥装置效果最佳,湿度去除率达99%以上,电子鼻各传感器的基线值与对照组接近;②上述干燥剂连续通入湿度为75%的空气,90 min内湿度几乎可完全去除,120 min内湿度去除率保持在95%以上,对传感器的基线影响较小.③预处理装置未造成检测气体的吸附损耗,通入干燥预处理装置前后的挥发性氯代烃气体浓度差异只有3%～5%;④在土壤通风脱附过程的检测中,通气湿度98%以上的情况下,预处理装置在120 min内对湿度去除率达99%以上;电子鼻与GC对四氯乙烯污染物的检测结果线性拟合判定系数R2〉0.99（n=18）,表明配以干燥预处理装置的电子鼻能够较好地适用于土壤修复过程监测.     

发动机缸体开裂失效分析

目的研究发动机缸体出现开裂失效原因。方法通过化学成分分析、力学性能分析、断口扫描分析、显微组织分析、能谱分析及低倍缺陷分析测试手段,对发动机缸体的开裂模式及失效原因进行分析。结果发动机缸体原材料中Si元素超标,导致晶界析出较多的Al Si Cu及Al2Cu脆性相,在开裂区域组织存在过热过烧现象,两个原因导致组织晶间结合力大大降低。同时,在开裂区域存在热节效应,低倍疏松和缩孔较集中的现象,为热裂纹形成及继续扩展提供了有利条件。结论通过不断改进设计工艺,控制原材料成分及调节浇注参数,大大减小了热裂纹出现概率,在后序批量生产中,未发现类似失效样件。     

Assessing the life cycle study of alternative earth-retaining walls from an environmental and economic viewpoint

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research aims to assess the sustainability of the most common earth-retaining walls (Gravity Walls and Cantilever Walls) in terms of...     

Toward ecological function zoning and comparison to the Ecological Redline Policy: a case study in the Poyang Lake Region,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Faced with huge environmental problems of ecosystem degradation, “Ecological Redline Policy (ERP)” in China is a new key national-level...     

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using Garcinia extracts: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The demand for nanoparticles has been increasing rapidly in recent years due to their unique properties of interest for a wide range of applications. Several...     

High removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from black-odorous water using a novel aeration-adsorption system

Black-odorous waters are an increasingly common phenomenon characterized by excessive levels of nutrients, the formation of metal sufide precipitates, volatile sulfurous compounds, low dissolved oxygen and high chemical oxygen demand. Black-odorous waters frequently occur in lake and river systems where inputs have restricted circulation. The key remediation issue is the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Here, we present a novel aeration-adsorption system using fiber balls and we study treatment parameters and removal mechanism. Kinetics and changes of the solid phase were followed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Results show complete removal of ammonia N, initially at 31 mg/L, and 92.8% removal of total nitrogen, initially at 29 mg/L, after a 24 h reaction time at pH 9.67. At pH 5.67 and 9.67, total phosphorus and phosphate could be significantly reduced by 90–92% at 3.2–5.2 mg/L after 24 h. Treatment met China’s integrated wastewater discharge standards, demonstrating an effective and robust treatment capability. First-order and second-order kinetic models provided a good fit to the treatment data, indicating physical and chemical adsorption were involved in the treatment reactions. The reaction mechanism involved hydrogen substitution and binding to oxygen. These results present a cost effective and robust approach for the removal of N and P from black, odorous water, providing opportunity to abate environmental contamination.

     

Energy-water-climate governance from interdisciplinary perspectives

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Dynamic pollution emission prediction method of a combined heat and power system based on the hybrid CNN-LSTM model and attention mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Combined thermal power (CHP) production mode plays a more important role in energy production, but the impact of its pollutant emission on the natural...     

The risks of sulfur addition on cadmium accumulation in paddy rice under different water-management conditions

Recently, the application of sulfur (S) has been recommended to control the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice in contaminated paddy soil. However, the effects of exogenous S on Cd transfer in paddy rice systems under different water-management practices have not been systematically investigated. Pot experiments were performed to monitor the composition of soil pore water and the Cd accumulation in iron plaque and rice tissue were compared under different S (0 and 200 mg/kg Na₂SO₄) and water (continuous and discontinuous flooding) treatments. Sulfur application significantly increased Cd concentrations in soil pore water under discontinuous flooding conditions, but slightly reduced them under continuous flooding. Moreover, the oxidation/reduction potential (Eh) was the most critical factor that affected the Cd levels. When the Eh exceeded −42.5 mV, S became the second critical factor, and excessive S application promoted Cd dissolution. In addition, S addition elevated the Cd levels in iron plaque and reduced the Cd transfer from the iron plaque to rice roots. In rice, S addition inhibited Cd transfer from the rice roots to the straw; thus, more Cd was stored in the rice roots. Nevertheless, additional S application increased the Cd content in the rice grains by 72% under discontinuous flooding, although this effect was mitigated by continued flooding. Under simulated practical water management conditions, S addition increased the risk of Cd contamination in rice, suggesting that S application should be reconsidered as a paddy fertilization strategy.     

Inactivation and subsequent reactivation of Aspergillus species by the combination of UV and monochloramine: Comparisons with UV/chlorine

Ultraviolet (UV)/monochloramine (NH₂Cl) as an advanced oxidation process was firstly applied for Aspergillus spores inactivation. This study aims to: i) clarify the inactivation and photoreactivation characteristics of UV/NH₂Cl process, ii) compared with UV/Cl₂ in inactivation efficiency, photoreactivation and energy consumption. The results illustrated that UV/NH₂Cl showed better inactivation efficiency than that of UV alone and UV/Cl₂, and could effectively control the photoreactivation. For instance, the inactivation rates for Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus in the processes of UV/NH₂Cl (2.0 mg/L) was 0.034, 0.030 and 0.061 cm²/mJ, respectively, which were higher than that of UV alone (0.027, 0.026 and 0.024 cm²/mJ) and UV/Cl₂ (0.023, 0.026 and 0.031 cm²/mJ). However, there was no synergistic effect for Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. As for Aspergillus niger, the best synergistic effect can reach 1.86-log₁₀. This may be due to their different resistance to disinfectants, which were related to the size, an outer layer of rodlets (hydrophobins) and pigments. After UV/NH₂Cl inactivation, the degree of cell membrane damage and intracellular reactive oxygen species were higher than that of UV alone. UV/NH₂Cl had the advantages of high inactivation efficiency and inhibition of photoreactivation, which provides a new entry point for the disinfection of waterborne fungi.