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181.
182.
One potential drawback of compost-based passive bioreactors, which is a promising biotechnology for acid mine drainage (AMD)
treatment, is the transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM)-metal complexes in surface waters. To address this problem, the objective
of this study was to assess the maximum capacity of organic substrates to release soluble DOM-metal complexes in treated water.
The reactivities of DOM in maple wood chips and sawdust, composted poultry manure, and leaf compost were quantified toward
Cd2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ using fluorescence quenching. The DOM showed the highest reactivity toward Fe, but a limited number
of available sites for sorption, whereas DOM-Cd complexes exhibited the lowest fluorescence quenching. Overall, the DOM from a
mixture of wastes formed higher concentrations of DOM-metal complexes relative to sole substrates. Among DOM-metal complexes,
the concentrations of DOM-Ni complexes were the highest. After reaching steady-state, low concentrations of DOM-metal complexes
were released in treated water, which is in agreement with theoretical predictions based on geochemical modeling. Therefore, in addition
to physicochemical characterization, fluorescence quenching technique is recommended for the substrate selection of bioreactors. 相似文献
183.
Ana Martín-González Jacek Wierzchos Juan C. Gutiérrez Jesús Alonso Carmen Ascaso 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(5):551-564
Microorganisms are the most ancient cells on this planet and they include key phyla for understanding cell evolution and Earth
history, but, unfortunately, their microbial records are scarce. Here, we present a critical review of fossilized prokaryotic
and eukaryotic microorganisms entrapped in Cretaceous ambers (but not exclusively from this geological period) obtained from
deposits worldwide. Microbiota in ambers are rather diverse and include bacteria, fungi, and protists. We comment on the most
important microbial records from the last 25 years, although it is not an exhaustive bibliographic compilation. The most frequently
reported eukaryotic microfossils are shells of amoebae and protists with a cell wall or a complex cortex. Likewise, diverse
dormant stages (palmeloid forms, resting cysts, spores, etc.) are abundant in ambers. Besides, viral and protist pathogens
have been identified inside insects entrapped in amber. The situation regarding filamentous bacteria and fungi is quite confusing
because in some cases, the same record was identified consecutively as a member of these phylogenetically distant groups.
To avoid these identification errors in the future, we propose to apply a more resolute microscopic and analytical method
in amber studies. Also, we discuss the most recent findings about ancient DNA repair and bacterial survival in remote substrates,
which support the real possibility of ancient DNA amplification and bacterial resuscitation from Cretaceous resins. 相似文献
184.
Hernández-Pérez Carmen Martínez-Sánchez M. José García-Lorenzo M. Luz Bech Jaume Pérez-Sirvent Carmen 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(4):1385-1400
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This paper proposes the use of wetlands as a phytoremediation strategy for areas of mining and maritime influence in the southeast of Spain. Potentially... 相似文献
185.
Sediment deposition is known to affect the structure of marine rocky-bottom communities, but its specific effects on some
key organisms, such as sponges, remain poorly investigated. In a 125-day field experiment involving different treatments of
exposure to sediment deposition, we investigated survival of asexually produced recruits of the sublittoral demosponge Scopalina lophyropoda, a model organism suitable to understand similar processes in other sponges. A total of 660 explants obtained from 11 non-clonal
sponges (explant donors) were distributed on 30 experimental plates. Each donor sponge contributed two clonal explants per
plate, one settled under a roof at a silt-protected position and the other at a silt-exposed position. Plates were installed
at the rocky walls of the natural community, also at the pillars of a local harbor where the sponge does not occur naturally.
A 3-way ANOVA testing for differences in explant longevity as a function of explant donor, exposure to sediment, and habitat
detected that longevity was affected by both an undetermined genetic condition of the explant donor and exposure to silt.
Silt-protected explants lived longer than silt-exposed explants. A significant “Silt-exposure × Habitat” interaction detected
that silt-exposed explants lived shorter within the harbor than in the natural community, suggesting that harbor silt, which
was notably finer, is more deleterious. Inspection of daily mortality rates revealed that the detrimental effects of silt
were very evident during the first 20 days in treatments and irrespective of habitat. Then, mortality rates progressively
decreased, reaching negligible values in all 4 sponge groups by day 65. At this stage, an undetermined mortality factor other
than purely sediment deposition reactivated mortality in all 4 sponge groups, but it affected more intensely the sponges in
the harbor, irrespective of being protected from or exposed to sediment deposition. All together, the results of our field
experiment suggest that sediment loads are a major mortality factor among small sponge individuals in sublittoral rocky communities.
Because a significant “donor factor” suggests an unidentified “genetic component” to be involved in the ability to cope with
sediment, natural or man-driven processes increasing coastal sediment deposition are susceptible to induce changes not only
in the abundance but also the genetic structure of the sponge populations in the long term. 相似文献
186.
Climate change is one of the major worldwide environmental concerns. It is especially the case in many developed countries, where the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for this change are mainly concentrated. For the first time, the Kyoto Protocol includes an international agreement for the reduction of the net emissions of these gases. To fulfil this agreement measures designed to reduce or limit current emissions have to be brought into force. Consequently, fears have arisen about possible consequences on competitiveness and future development of manufacturing activities and the need for support mechanisms for the affected sectors is obvious. In this paper, we carry out a study of the emissions of gases responsible for climate change in Asturias (Spain), a region with an important economic presence of sectors with intensive emissions of CO(2), the chief greenhouse gas. To be precise, in the first place, the volumes of direct emissions of the said gases in 1995 were calculated, showing that the sectors most affected by the Kyoto Protocol in Asturias are iron and steel and electricity production. Secondly, input-output analysis was applied to determine the direct and indirect emissions and the direct, indirect and induced emissions of the different production sectors, respectively. The results derived from the direct and indirect emissions analysis and their comparison with the results of the former allow us to reach some conclusions and environmental policy implications. 相似文献
187.
188.
Vanessa N. Lima Carmen S. D. Rodrigues Luis M. Madeira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34851-34862
The aim of this study was to assess the degradation and mineralization of hydroquinone (HQ) by the Fenton’s process in a bubble column reactor (BCR). The effect of the main operating variables, namely, air flow rate, effluent volume, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, catalyst (Fe2+) dose, initial pH, and temperature, were assessed. For all air flow rates tested, no concentration gradients along the column were noticed, evidencing that a good mixing was reached in the BCR. For the best conditions tested ([H2O2] = 500 mg/L, [Fe2+] = 45 mg/L, T = 24 °C, Q air = 2.5 mL/min, pH = 3.0, and V = 5 L), complete HQ degradation was reached, with ~ 39% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal, and an efficiency of the oxidant use—η H2O2—of 0.39 (ratio between TOC removed per H2O2 consumed normalized by the theoretical stoichiometric value); moreover, a non-toxic effluent was generated. Under these conditions, the intermediates and final oxidation compounds identified and quantified were a few carboxylic acids, namely, maleic, pyruvic, and oxalic. As a strategy to improve the TOC removal, a gradual dosage of the optimal H2O2 concentration was implemented, being obtained ~ 55% of mineralization (with complete HQ degradation). Finally, the matrix effect was evaluated, for which a real wastewater was spiked with 100 mg/L of HQ; no reduction in terms of HQ degradation and mineralization was observed compared to the solution in distilled water. 相似文献
189.
Bruno M. Esteves Carmen S. D. Rodrigues Luís M. Madeira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(35):34826-34838
Degradation of total phenol (TPh) and organic matter, (expressed as total organic carbon TOC), of a simulated olive mill wastewater was evaluated by the Fenton oxidation process under batch and continuous mode conditions. A mixture of six phenolic acids usually found in these agro-industrial wastewaters was used for this purpose. The study focused on the optimization of key operational parameters of the Fenton process in a batch reactor, namely Fe2+ dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, and reaction temperature. On the assessment of the process efficiency, > 99% of TPh and > 56% of TOC removal were attained when [Fe2+] = 100 ppm, [H2O2] = 2.0 g/L, T = 30 °C, and initial pH = 5.0, after 300 min of reaction. Under those operational conditions, experiments on a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) were performed for different space-time values (τ). TOC and TPh removals of 47.5 and 96.9%, respectively, were reached at steady-state (for τ = 120 min). High removal of COD (> 75%) and BOD5 (> 70%) was achieved for both batch and CSTR optimum conditions; analysis of the BOD5/COD ratio also revealed an increase in the effluent’s biodegradability. Despite the high removal of lumped parameters, the treated effluent did not met the Portuguese legal limits for direct discharge of wastewaters into water bodies, which indicates that coupled chemical-biological process may be the best solution for real olive mill wastewater treatment. 相似文献
190.
de Barcellos Fernandes Thatiana Verônica Rodrigues Camara Volney M. Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães Mayer Armando Froes Asmus Carmen I. R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16810-16815
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There are few studies about children’s environmental exposure to arsenic (As) in Brazil, most of them being in mining regions. The objective of... 相似文献