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Wolf-Rainer Abraham Heinrich Lünsdorf Carsten Strömpl Balbina Nogales Edward R. B. Moore Kenneth N. Timmis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(3):57-64
A moorland soil site polluted with PCB showed a high diversity ofmetabolically active bacteria. Beside frequent types of 16S rRNAsequences similar to those of the species ofSphingomonasand the Acidobacterium phylum an unusual high number ofsequences from the genus Burkholderia were found. Burkholderia was also the main genus in isolates enriched onbiphenyl or various chlorobenzoates. In microcosm experimentssterilized surfaces exposed to PCB polluted soil always showed thepresence of clay aggregates formed by bacteria attached to thesubstratum. The bacteria use the PCB loaded clay colloids astransport medium for the water insoluble substrate to get accessto the carbon source. This is a novel mechanism of how bacteria dealwith hydrophobic substrates. 相似文献
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The relationship between agricultural intensification and biological control: experimental tests across Europe 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Thies C Haenke S Scherber C Bengtsson J Bommarco R Clement LW Ceryngier P Dennis C Emmerson M Gagic V Hawro V Liira J Weisser WW Winqvist C Tscharntke T 《Ecological applications》2011,21(6):2187-2196
Agricultural intensification can affect biodiversity and related ecosystem services such as biological control, but large-scale experimental evidence is missing. We examined aphid pest populations in cereal fields under experimentally reduced densities of (1) ground-dwelling predators (-G), (2) vegetation-dwelling predators and parasitoids (-V), (3) a combination of (1) and (2) (-G-V), compared with open-fields (control), in contrasting landscapes with low vs. high levels of agricultural intensification (AI), and in five European regions. Aphid populations were 28%, 97%, and 199% higher in -G, -V, and -G-V treatments, respectively, compared to the open fields, indicating synergistic effects of both natural-enemy groups. Enhanced parasitoid: host and predator: prey ratios were related to reduced aphid population density and population growth. The relative importance of parasitoids and vegetation-dwelling predators greatly differed among European regions, and agricultural intensification affected biological control and aphid density only in some regions. This shows a changing role of species group identity in diverse enemy communities and a need to consider region-specific landscape management. 相似文献
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Carsten Niemitz 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(3):241-263
During the last century, approximately 30 hypotheses have been constructed to explain the evolution of the human upright posture
and locomotion. The most important and recent ones are discussed here. Meanwhile, it has been established that all main hypotheses
published until the last decade of the past century are outdated, at least with respect to some of their main ideas: Firstly,
they were focused on only one cause for the evolution of bipedality, whereas the evolutionary process was much more complex.
Secondly, they were all placed into a savannah scenario. During the 1990s, the fossil record allowed the reconstruction of
emerging bipedalism more precisely in a forested habitat (e.g., as reported by Clarke and Tobias (Science 269:521–524, 1995) and WoldeGabriel et al. (Nature 412:175–178, 2001)). Moreover, the fossil remains revealed increasing evidence that this part of human evolution took place in a more humid
environment than previously assumed. The Amphibian Generalist Theory, presented first in the year 2000, suggests that bipedalism
began in a wooded habitat. The forests were not far from a shore, where our early ancestor, along with its arboreal habits,
walked and waded in shallow water finding rich food with little investment. In contrast to all other theories, wading behaviour
not only triggers an upright posture, but also forces the individual to maintain this position and to walk bipedally. So far,
this is the only scenario suitable to overcome the considerable anatomical and functional threshold from quadrupedalism to
bipedalism. This is consistent with paleoanthropological findings and with functional anatomy as well as with energetic calculations,
and not least, with evolutionary psychology. The new synthesis presented here is able to harmonise many of the hitherto competing
theories. 相似文献
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Carsten Albrecht Brühl Bernd Guckenmus Markus Ebeling Ralf Barfknecht 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(1):31-37