广西桂东北地区农业土壤环境若干重金属元素背景值的调查

应用分层抽样统计方法,调查研究广西桂东北地区农业土壤环境Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、As、Cr、Hg等8种重金属元素背景值,并分别求算出各元素背景值95％的置信区间。经方差分析,各成土母质间几种元素背景值都有不同程度差异。探讨了该区域农业土壤元素背景值与世界土壤、地壳丰度和国内土壤元素背景值的差异,为开展农业环境科学研究提供依据。     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解水中微量溶解性间二甲苯

以高压汞灯为光源 ,采用浸涂 -烧结法制备的负载型纳米TiO2 作为光催化剂 ,通过对水中微量溶解性间二甲苯的光催化氧化过程的研究表明 ,初始浓度在 6 .6 8— 17.36mg/L的范围内 ,间二甲苯的光催化反应遵循表观一级反应动力学规律 ,反应的表观速率常数随溶液初始浓度的增大而减小 ,半衰期则随初始浓度的增大而增加 ,经 1.5h反应后 ,溶液中间二甲苯的去除率从 17.36mg/L的 5 4 .4 4 %增加到 6 .6 8mg/L的 75 .90 %。     

木质纤维素原料预处理技术研究近况

木质纤维素的结构导致其不易降解。通过酸处理、碱处理、液态高温水技术、爆破处理、湿式氧化、超临界CO2处理、生物降解等预处理手段,可使后续过程的效率大大提高。较为全面地对国内外木质纤维素原料预处理技术的研究近况做了总结,主要对国外学者的试验方法和现象分析进行了简要描述,并对萼合于我国的方法提出了自己的观点。     

2010—2019年成都市机动车排污特征分析及防控措施减排效果评估

为评估2010—2019年成都市机动车防控措施的减排效果,以2010年为基准年,采用排放清单法计算了各减排措施下2019年的减排量,对比分析了4种控制措施的减排效益。结果表明：成都市机动车排污总量逐年下降,2019年PM_2.5、NO_x、VOCs、CO、SO₂和NH₃的排放量分别为0.27×10⁴、4.63×10⁴、1.70×10⁴、28.99×10⁴、0.21×10⁴和0.45×10⁴ t,主要分布在中心城区,其中重型货车对PM_2.5和NO_x贡献最大,小型客车对VOCs、CO、SO₂和NH₃贡献最大;措施中加严标准的综合减排量最大,重点减排车型为小型客车、轻型货车、公交车等,2019年6种污染物减排量分别为0.14×10⁴、2.27×10⁴、1.29×10⁴、6.77×10⁴、0.07×10⁴和0.38×10⁴ t;优化城市交通管理对小型客车和摩托车的减排效果显著,2019年6种污染物减排量分别为0.04×10⁴、0.81×10⁴、0.38×10⁴、2.55×10⁴、0.05×10⁴和0.04×10⁴ t;淘汰高排放车辆对小型客车、轻型货车等的减排较明显,2019年6种污染物减排放量分别为0.13×10⁴、0.98×10⁴、0.34×10⁴、2.62×10⁴、0.01×10⁴和0.007×10⁴ t;推广清洁能源汽车的重点减排车型为出租车和公交车,虽然可有效减少PM_2.5、NO_x的排放,但VOCs却有小幅增加,2019年6种污染物减排放量分别为0.12×10⁴、0.62×10⁴、−0.13×10⁴、0.30×10⁴、0.004×10⁴和0.000 5×10⁴ t。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建

三、完善了地震灾后恢复重建制度（一）强化了政府对地震灾后恢复重建工作的领导、组织和协调职能。本法第六十四条规定了各级人民政府及其有关部门在恢复重建工作的职责。灾后恢复重建是一项十分紧迫、复杂、艰巨的任务,必须举全社会之力,组织各有关部门,共同努力,才能有力、有序、有效地做好,这就要求政府必须加强领导、组织和协调。     

固定化白腐真菌反应器与接触氧化反应器联用处理癸二酸生产废水

采用固定化白腐真菌(WRF)反应器与接触氧化反应器联用处理癸二酸废水。在WRF反应器中,以汽曝玉米秸秆为载体,并添加铜、铁促进白腐真菌生长和产酶作用,载体的使用寿命约为45 d。在进水苯酚平均质量浓度为69.36 mg/L、平均进水COD为1 648.81 mg/L的条件下,经WRF反应器处理后,苯酚平均质量浓度降至7.59 mg/L,平均出水COD降至478.03 mg/L;再经接触氧化反应器处理后,苯酚平均质量浓度降至1.65 mg/L,平均出水COD降至297.31 mg/L。     

采油废水的深度处理回用

采用溶气气浮—生物接触氧化—膜分离组合工艺深度处理采油废水。实验结果表明,出水水质满足热采锅炉进水要求。该法可年处理废水1.3×105m3,产水率按50%计,年节约新鲜水和废水回灌费用共计77.88万元,年节水效益为21.71万元。     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

植物叶表尘及重金属对城市大气颗粒物污染的指示与评估

城市大气颗粒物污染问题日渐突出,目前主要依靠大气站点的直接观测数据反映污染的即时状况,而植物叶表尘及重金属的监测为评价大气颗粒物阶段性污染状况提供了新的途径.本研究通过分析北京交通带和公园共7个样点的臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、槐(Sophora japonica)、北京杨(Populus beijingensis)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)、紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea)等5种常见绿化树种的叶表尘及重金属Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn含量,并计算尘金属综合累积指数(MAI),进而与邻近站点大气颗粒物观测数据对比并进行统计分析,尝试量化评价植物所处环境的大气颗粒物及尘重金属综合污染状况.结果表明:采用榆树叶表尘可量化评价大气可吸入颗粒物PM10的月均质量浓度,相对误差为1.2%~10.6%;臭椿叶表尘可量化评价大气细颗粒物PM2.5的月均质量浓度和月均空气质量指数(AQI),相对误差分别为0.18%~3.7%和0.26%~5.7%.MAI值可指示大气尘重金属综合污染状况,本研究中京承高速和朝阳公园大气尘重金属综合污染较重,其次为念坛公园、望京公园和玉蜓桥,最轻为岳各庄桥和麋鹿苑.     

Effect of organic matter on phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge subjected to microwave hybrid pretreatment

Microwave (MW) hybrid processes are able to disrupt the flocculent structure of complex waste activated sludge, and help promote the recovery of phosphorus as struvite. In this study, to optimize struvite yield, (1) the characteristics of matter released in MW-hybrid treatments were compared, including MW, MW-acid, MW-alkali, MW-H₂O₂, and MW-H₂O₂-alkali. The results showed that selective release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, Ca^2 +, and Mg^2 + achieved by sludge pretreatment using MW-hybrid processes. MW-H₂O₂ is the recommended sludge pretreatment process for phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite. The ratio of Mg^2 +:NH₄⁺-N:PO₄^3 −-P was 1.2:2.9:1 in the supernatant. (2) To clarify the effects of organic matter on struvite recovery, the composition and molecular weight distribution of organic matters were analyzed. Low molecular weight COD was found to facilitate the removal rate of NH₄⁺-N and PO₄³-P via crystallization, and the amorphous struvite crystals (< 1 kDa) from the filtered solutions had high purity. Therefore, the present study reveals the necessity of taking into consideration the interference effect of high molecular weight organic matters during struvite crystallization from sewage sludge.