室内霉菌污染原因及其控制对策

通过对建筑墙体内湿气迁移过程的研究，详细分析了霉菌污染产生的原因。通过夏、冬两季平均气候条件下沿墙厚度温度、相对湿度分布和湿积累量的具体计算，得出墙内的相对湿度将达到或超过70％，有时甚至处于饱和状态，从而为霉菌的生长提供了有利条件。基于分析结果，提出了对于室内霉菌污染的控制对策。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中的低分子醛、酮、醇

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析快速、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点.用固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱分析水中甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙烯腈,检出限可达0.003～0.03 mg/L.     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr^3＋的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr^3＋的吸附特性。交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单，但在制备过程中，活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大。与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比，交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48％，达到49．83mg／g（pH=2．53，水溶液中的Cr^3＋浓度为600mg／L），同时其机械强度明显增强。交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr^3＋的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合，将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一，从而简化了处理工艺，降低了处理成本。     

Evaluation of PCDD/Fs patterns emitted from incinerator via direct ambient sampling and indirect serum levels assessment of Taiwanese

The aim of this study was to evaluate the PCDD/Fs patterns in ambient air based on data information emitted from incinerator generated from ambient air measurements and those in serum. Four circular zones, namely A, B, C, and D, were identified based on simulated ambient annual average PCDD/Fs concentrations, from a selected municipal waste incinerator. Sixteen ambient samples were taken from the 4 circular zones across 4-seasons. Eighty-nine volunteers were recruited according to the demographic distribution within each zone. PCDD/Fs profiles were documented both for air and serum samples collected. Comparing to the congener patterns from ambient air and serum samples, we found that OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were the predominant groups among 17 congeners from both the ambient air and serum sample. And, factor analysis showed the distribution patterns of PCDD/Fs from ambient air and serum samples are almost identical across different zones, except for congener patterns of serum samples from residents in zone C. In addition, the average PCDD/Fs level significantly reduced for about 10 folds than those of the other three seasons when the incinerator was shut down in one of sampling periods. We might conclude that ambient air exposure was the most important contributor to PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air but not the single in serum. Therefore, another or more powerful source, such as occupational exposure, dietary intake or the consumption of local food, should be further investigated at the same time.     

Determination of PAH sources in dated sediments from Green Bay, Wisconsin, by a chemical mass balance model

Six sediment cores were collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin, in order to identify possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by a chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The cores which were obtained in 1995 had total PAH concentrations between 8.04 and 0.460 ppm. 210Pb and 137Cs dating was used to determine historical trends of PAH inputs, and elemental carbon particle analysis was done to characterize particles from combustion of coal, wood and petroleum. The results show that coke burning, highway dust, and wood burning are likely sources of PAHs to Green Bay. The contribution of coke oven emissions (CB) for the Green Bay cores is in the range of 5 to 90%. The overall highway dust (HWY) contribution is between 5 and 70%. There is a maximum (approximately 67%) contribution of HWY around 1988 which is in agreement with the historical US petroleum consumption. The wood burning (WB) contribution is between 1 to 30%, except in core GB-A where a maximum (approximately 50%) is found around 1994. The average relative errors of measurement for x2 equal to the number of degrees of freedom, are 52.5, 56.2, 36.2, 52.3, and 42.8 (df = 3) for the Green Bay cores A, B, C, E, and F, respectively. The sums of the contribution factors are less than one, indicating gain of inert biological or other bulk material between source and receptor. The results of carbon particles for Green Bay core D show that coal, oil, and wood burning are consistent with the CMB modeling results.     

广州市城市森林的空间特征与发展研究

应用城市林业的基本理论和ＧＩＳ技术，广州市城区森林的空间分布以两山（白云山、越秀山）两河（珠江、流溪河）为核心，辅之公共绿地和道路绿化，形成多功能、多类型的网络式结构。近郊森林建设好风暴旅游林以及环绕卫星城镇和重点工业镇的生态公益林。远郊森林保障了“菜蓝子”工程，促进森林旅游及其相关产业的发展。     

基于GIS的唐山市综合防灾与生态规划

中国北方东部城市正处于高速发展时期，大部分城市由于处于环太平洋地震带和北纬中度灾害带的交叉部位，灾害问题严重，造成的经济损失巨大。因此，为了城市的可持续发展，必须把城市的生态建设和综合防灾工作结合起来，进行整体规划。通过自然灾害数据库的建立，灾害源、工程地质、建筑和城市生命线等数据的ACCESS数据库分别建立起来了。基于数理统计分析模型的GIS技术，以MAPINFO为平台，采用MAPBASIC开发工具，创建了唐山市综合防灾和生态规划信息管理系统，为唐山市的综合防灾的可持续发展规划提供了建议和依据。     

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration. It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements. At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74%–82% could be achieved. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

山梨醇型凝油剂的制备与性能

介绍了山梨醇型凝油剂的制备方法，以及其胶凝轻质渍及类油物质的性质。结果表明，此类凝油剂对汽油，柴油，机油以及基苯及苯系有机溶剂等的去除率达９０％以上。经生物毒性试验表明，不会对水中鱼类产生毒性效应，凝油后油凝体硬度可达３．９×１０＾４－９．８×１０＾４Ｐａ。可用于各种轻质油及类油物质泄漏等突发性事故的应急处理。     

污水深度处理中3种过滤法的技术性能研究

以城市污水回用为目的，研究了污水深度处理中的过滤技术，结果陶瓷－石英砂双层滤料的滤柱，在滤速为５．２ｍ／ｈ时，通过直接过滤即可将污水处理厂二级出水中的悬浮物几乎全部去除，且过滤周期可达６１．２－７２．１ｈ。