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541.
为提高污水生物脱氮处理的效率和减少外加碳源,研究了序批式膜反应器(SBBR)在有氧情况下处理生活污水中同步硝化和反硝化的特性.试验表明,原水TN为80~110mg/L和溶解氧浓度为0.8~4.0mg/L情况下,出水TN小于15mg/L,NH3-N去除率达100%,TN去除率54%~77%,NH3-N容积负荷率为47~94mg/(L·d),TN容积负荷率为56~113mg/(L·d).TN的变化规律为在NH3-N降到零或最小之前,TN持续降低之后,TN有短时的上升后再缓慢降低.在较大的溶解氧浓度范围内,SBBR具有同步硝化和反硝化的能力,建议将NH3-N降解到零或最小值的时刻,作为同步硝化和反硝化的结束点. 相似文献
542.
Wang L Ying GG Zhao JL Liu S Yang B Zhou LJ Tao R Su HC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):148-156
This paper investigated some selected estrogenic compounds (4-t-octylphenol: 4-t-OP; 4-nonylphenols: 4-NP; bisphenol-A: BPA; diethylstilbestrol: DES; estrone: E1; 17β-estradiol: E2; 17α-Ethinylestradiol: EE2; triclosan: TCS) and estrogenicity in the Liao River system using the combined chemical and in vitro yeast screen bioassay and assessed their ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The estrogenic compounds 4-t-OP, 4-NP, BPA, E1, E2 and TCS were detected in most of the samples, with their concentrations up to 52.1 2065.7, 755.6, 55.8, 7.4 and 81.3 ng/L in water, and up to 8.6, 558.4, 33.8, 7.9, <LOQ and 33.9 ng/g in sediment, respectively. However, DES and EE2 were not detected in the Liao River. The estrogen equivalents (EEQ) of the water and sediment samples were also measured by the bioassay. High estrogenic risks to aquatic organisms were found in the river sections of metropolitan areas and the lower reach of the river system. 相似文献
543.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) sampled from municipal landfill leachate of different ages with/without anoxic or aerobic treatment, was intensively fractionated via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and hydrophobic resins, and was studied with fluorescence excitation and emission matrix (EEM). Six fluorophores with multiple EEM peaks (fluorophore A-F) were identified based on the collected EEM spectra and validated by bi-variate analysis, principal component analysis, and parallel factor analysis, as follows (excitation wavelength Ex and emission wavelength Em): (Ex 240, 310, 360 nm, Em 460 nm), (Ex 220, 280 nm, Em 340 nm), (Ex 220, 270 nm, Em 300 nm), (Ex 220, 280 nm, Em 360 nm), (Ex 230, 320 nm, Em 420 nm) and (Ex 220, 310 nm, Em 400 nm). The spectral characteristics of these fluorophores were discussed using fractional EEM and apparent molecular weight (AMW) data obtained via SEC analysis. The triple peak flurophore A was pointed at a hydrophobic acid or hydrophobic neutral compound with a pyrenyl functional group of AMW 2500-3500 Da, which displayed an excitation wavelength at 360 nm and a fluorescence intensity ratio of 6.70(+/-1.79):1.70(+/-0.41):1 (fluorescent intensities of Ex 240:Ex 310:Ex 360 nm at Ex 460 nm). This compound is observed to be refractory in landfilling or in anoxic/aerobic treatments, and is specific to this leachate contamination. This paper revealed that the coupling of SEC and EEM can be useful to track the fluorescent DOM fraction in landfill leachate. 相似文献
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545.
以饱和砂土液化后场地失效模式特征与场地失效时群桩基础地震反应破坏机理为研究目的,依托中国建筑科学研究院大型模拟地震振动台系统,开展可液化场地、非液化场地在水平地震动激励下桩-土-结构动力相互作用动力体系大型振动台系列试验。基于本次系列试验研究对象以及试验目的,阐述了系列试验中动力模型体系相似比设计的基本原则、地基的制备、模型结构制作、各个种类传感器的选择与布设、输入地震记录的选取与工况安排等内容,介绍了阵列式位移计、非接触式位移动态采集系统等新型传感测试设备,并对所采用的层状单向剪切模型土箱设计合理性与科学性进行了验证。由之后的试验结果可知,本次系列试验设计方案是合理、可靠的,层状剪切模型箱的"模型箱效应"很小。 相似文献
546.
环境标准实施中的若干问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探讨了目前环境标准在制订、发行、宣贯过程中存在的问题 ,并就规范环境标准发布、加强标准宣贯等提出建议 相似文献
547.
Impacts of Transportation Routes on Landscape Diversity: A Comparison of Different Route Types and Their Combined Effects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A comparison of different transportation route types and their combined effects on landscape diversity was conducted within Tiaoxi watershed (China) between 1994 and 2005. Buffer analysis and Mann–Kendall’s test were used to quantify the relationships between distance from transportation routes (railway, highway, national, and provincial road) and a family of landscape diversity parameters (Simpson’s diversity index, Simpson’s evenness index, Shannon’s diversity index, and Shannon’s evenness index). One-way ANOVA was further applied to compare influences from different route types and their combined effects. Five other landscape metrics (patch density, edge density, area-weighted mean shape index, connectance index, and Euclidean nearest neighbor distance) were also calculated to analyze the associations between landscape diversity and landscape pattern characteristics. Results showed that transportation routes exerted significant impacts on landscape diversity. Impact from railway was comparable to that from highway and national road but was more significant than that from provincial road. The spatial influential range of railway and national road was wider than that of highway and provincial road. Combined effects of routes were nonlinear, and impacts from different route types were more complex than those from the same type. The four landscape diversity metrics were comparably effective at the buffer zone scale. In addition, landscape diversity can be alternatively used to indicate fragmentation, connectivity, and isolation at route buffer scale. This study demonstrates an applicable approach to quantitatively characterize the impacts from transportation routes on landscape patterns and has potential to facilitate route network planning. 相似文献
548.
549.
分析了广东试行的水泥窑SO2排放量物料衡算的必要性及其衡算方法的片面性;提出水泥窑SO2排放量物料衡算计算公式的建议 相似文献
550.