基于随机模拟与三角模糊数耦合模型的地下水环境健康风险评价研究

水环境健康风险评价在参数确定、暴露评估与风险表征过程中存在着不确定性因素,利用随机模拟与三角模糊数耦合模型（SS-TFN模型）进行水环境健康风险评价,降低了评价过程中人为因素的影响,有效提高评价结果的可靠性和科学性.本文将SS-TFN模型应用于盘锦市六个饮用水源地致癌物质经饮水途径的地下水环境健康风险评价中,结果表明：盘锦市六个饮用水源地的总致癌风险均超过致癌年风险率控制限值（1.0＆#215;10-5）;致癌物质造成的平均个人致癌年风险率由高到低排序：Cr6＋＞ As＞ Cd.盘锦市六个饮用水源地SS-TFN计算结果收敛时总的平均个人致癌年风险由高到低排列：大洼水源＞兴南水源＞兴一水源＞盘东水源＞高升水源＞石山水源.     

台州市经济增长与环境污染关系分析研究

环境库兹涅茨曲线(Environmental Kuznets Curve,简称EKC),常用来描述经济增长与环境质量之间的关系,传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线一般具有倒"U"形特征。通过对1990年-2010年台州市环境数据和经济数据的计量模型研究,发现台州市排放的污染物环境库兹涅茨曲线不完全符合传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征,并对这一结果进行了深入分析。环境质量的改善并不是随着人均GDP的增长而自动发生。除了经济收入这个因素外,影响环境质量的因素还有很多,如种族构成、公民受教育程度、集体行动的倾向性、人口密度等等。经过研究得出结论:台州市总体环境状况有着进一步恶化的趋势,应该加大环保力度,提倡清洁生产和"三废"循环利用,使经济增长与环境状况同时向着有利于人类的方向发展,实现可持续发展。     

Assessment of the sources and transformations of nitrogen in a plain river network region using a stable isotope approach

The great spatial and temporal variability in hydrological conditions and nitrogen(N)processing introduces large uncertainties to the identification of N sources and quantifying N cycles in plain river network regions. By combining isotopic data with chemical and hydrologic measurements, we determined the relative importance of N sources and biogeochemical N processes in the Taige River in the East Plain Region of China. The river was polluted more seriously by anthropogenic inputs in winter than in summer. Manure and urban sewage effluent were the main nitrate(NO-3) sources, with the nitrification of N-containing organic materials serving as another important source of NO-3. In the downstream, with minor variations in hydrological conditions, nitrification played a more important role than assimilation for the decreasing ammonium(NH+4-N) concentrations.The N isotopic enrichment factors(ε) during NH+4utilization ranged from- 13.88‰ in March to- 29.00‰ in July. The ratio of the increase in δ18O and δ15N of river NO-3in the downstream was 1.04 in January and 0.92 in March. This ratio indicated that NO-3assimilation by phytoplankton was responsible for the increasing δ15N and δ18O values of NO-3in winter. The relationships between δ15N of particulate organic nitrogen and isotopic compositions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen indicated that the phytoplankton in the Taige River probably utilized NH+4preferentially and mainly in summer, while in winter, NO-3assimilation by phytoplankton was dominant.     

Zero-valent iron doped carbons readily developed from sewage sludge for lead removal from aqueous solution

Low-cost but high-efficiency composites of iron-containing porous carbons were prepared using sewage sludge and ferric salts as raw materials. Unlike previous time- and energy-consuming manufacturing procedures, this study shows that pyrolyzing a mixture of sludge and ferric salt can produce suitable composites for lead adsorption. The specific surface area, the total pore volume and the average pore width of the optimal composite were 321 m²/g, 0.25 cm³/g, and 3.17 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that ferric salt favored the formation of metallic iron, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups. The result of batch tests indicated that the adsorption capacity of carbons activated with ferric salt could be as high as 128.9 mg/g, while that of carbons without activation was 79.1 mg/g. The new manufacturing procedure used in this study could save at least 19.5 kJ of energy per gram of activated carbon.     

食蚊鱼(Gambusia afinis)cat、gapdh和gst基因的克隆及其在生态毒理学中的应用

根据Ensembl、Genbank登录的鱼类cat、gapdh和gst基因的CDS序列设计普通PCR扩增引物,寻找食蚊鱼的cat、gapdh和gst基因的c DNA片段,并根据定量引物设计要求设计出相应的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR引物,建立了食蚊鱼cat、gapdh和gst基因的SYBR Green I荧光定量RT-q PCR方法。该方法在104~108数量级范围内有良好线性关系(R=0.999~1.000);熔解曲线显示扩增产物特异性良好,均为单一峰值;质粒标准品最高浓度与最低浓度的批内试验变异系数与批间试验变异系数均低于2%。利用该方法监测和评价环境污染物对水生生物的影响,选择了水体中常见典型药物污染物——双氯芬酸,研究其对食蚊鱼抗氧化基因表达的影响。结果表明,雌性食蚊鱼暴露在不同浓度双氯芬酸钠(0.005、0.05、0.5和5 mg·L-1)24 h后,其肝脏cat、gapdh和gst的mRNA呈现显著变化,相对于对照组,在低浓度0.005 mg·L-1时,cat与gst mRNA的表达量均有极显著上升(p0.01),而其它浓度均极显著下降(p0.01)。试验表明该方法具有快速、精确、灵敏度高的优点,可为利用该类小型鱼类的原位污染物的生物监测和生态毒理评价提供有力的技术支持。     

Application of the paleolimnological method to assess metal contaminant distribution (As,Cu, Pb,Zn) in pulp mill stabilization basin sediments,Nova Scotia,Canada

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The paleolimnological method was used to decouple geogenic and anthropogenic metal (loids) contributions in a sediment stabilization basin (Boat...     

Rescue effects of Se-enriched rice on physiological and biochemical characteristics in cadmium poisoning mice

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) is an element injurious for human health and is possibly toxic to organisms at minor concentrations. While some of other trace metallic...     

Kinetics of nitrobenzene degradation coupled to indigenous microorganism dissimilatory iron reduction stimulated by emulsified vegetable oil

Widespread contamination by nitrobenzene(NB) in sediments and groundwater requires better understanding of the biogeochemical removal process of the pollutant. NB degradation, coupled with dissimilatory iron reduction, is one of the most efficient pollutant removal methods. However, research on NB degradation coupled to indigenous microorganism dissimilatory iron reduction stimulated by electron donors is still experimental. A model for remediation in an actual polluted site does not currently exist.Therefore, in this study, the dynamics was derived from the Michaelis–Menten model(when the mass ratio of emulsified vegetable oil and NB reached the critical value 91:1). The effect of SO_4~(2-), NO_3~-, Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+), and the grain size of aquifer media on the dynamics were studied, and the NB degradation dynamic model was then modified based on the most significant factors. Utilizing the model, the remediation time could be calculated in a contaminated site.     

重庆市企业环境信用评价体系建设存在的问题及解决路径研究

目前,建设完善的可操作性强且适合重庆的企业环境信用评价体系是健全重庆市市场经济体制、防范经济金融风险的需要,是重庆市社会信用体系建设的重要内容,也是"诚信重庆"建设的重要环节.通过对重庆市企业环境信用评价体系进行分析,指出了评价体系中存在的评价指标不合理、评价周期长、公众参与度不够、评价结果公信力不足等问题,并从建立评价指标与管理成效响应关系、提高评价过程透明度、加大评价结果运用等方面提出了建立完善重庆市企业环境信用评价体系的解决路径.     

Estimation of autotrophic maximum specific growth rate constant--experience from the long-term operation of a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor system

The autotrophic maximum specific growth rate constant, muA,max, is the critical parameter for design and performance of nitrifying activated sludge systems. In literature reviews (i.e., Henze et al., 1987; Metcalf and Eddy, 1991), a wide range of muA,max values have been reported (0.25 to 3.0 days(-1)); however, recent data from several wastewater treatment plants across North America revealed that the estimated muA,max values remained in the narrow range 0.85 to 1.05 days(-1). In this study, long-term operation of a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor system was investigated for estimating this coefficient according to the low food-to-microorganism ratio bioassay and simulation methods, as recommended in the Water Environment Research Foundation (Alexandria, Virginia) report (Melcer et al., 2003). The estimated muA,max values using steady-state model calculations for four operating periods ranged from 0.83 to 0.99 day(-1). The International Water Association (London, United Kingdom) Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) dynamic model simulations revealed that a single value of muA,max (1.2 days(-1)) could be used, despite variations in the measured specific nitrification rates. However, the average muA,max was gradually decreasing during the activated sludge chlorination tests, until it reached the value of 0.48 day(-1) at the dose of 5 mg chlorine/(g mixed liquor suspended solids x d). Significant discrepancies between the predicted XA/YA ratios were observed. In some cases, the ASM1 predictions were approximately two times higher than the steady-state model predictions. This implies that estimating this ratio from a complex activated sludge model and using it in simple steady-state model calculations should be accepted with great caution and requires further investigation.