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121.
An iron oxide solid sponge H2S adsorbent works by reacting H2S and turning ferric oxide into ferric sulfide. The ferric sulfide will be converted back into ferric oxide and elemental sulfur when contacting oxygen or air. This study investigates the leaching of elemental sulfur from the solid sponge using anhydrous liquid ammonia as solvent. The leaching treatment expectedly results in effective regeneration of the adsorbent, which is able to lead to a sulfur removal and recovery process suitable for handling the small and mid-sized sulfur production cases, i.e., those less than 10 ton/day sulfur. The leaching does not significantly impair the physical properties, including the adsorbent pellet strength. The adsorption–regeneration (or leaching) cycle could be repeated at least three times. The cumulative sulfur loading can achieve as high as 50% (w/w), three times greater than that in the one-time use. The wash-off in leaching and the spent adsorbent can be made into slurry that is to be injected into underground formations such as depleted oil wells. It is anticipated that this underground injection is safer and more efficient than acid gas injection. 相似文献
122.
Wenguo Wang Chuang Yang Xiaoyu Tang Xinjiao Gu Qili Zhu Ke Pan Qichun Hu Danwei Ma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):14202-14210
Growing common duckweed Lemna minor L. in diluted livestock wastewater is an alternative option for pollutants removal and consequently the accumulated duckweed biomass can be used for bioenergy production. However, the biomass accumulation can be inhibited by high level of ammonium (NH4 +) in non-diluted livestock wastewater and the mechanism of ammonium inhibition is not fully understood. In this study, the effect of high concentration of NH4 + on L. minor biomass accumulation was investigated using NH4 + as sole source of nitrogen (N). NH4 +-induced toxicity symptoms were observed when L. minor was exposed to high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) after a 7-day cultivation. L. minor exposed to the NH4 +-N concentration of 840 mg l?1 exhibited reduced relative growth rate, contents of carbon (C) and photosynthetic pigments, and C/N ratio. Ammonium irons were inhibitory to the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and caused C/N imbalance in L. minor. These symptoms could further cause premature senescence of the fronds, and restrain their reproduction, growth and biomass accumulation. L. minor could grow at NH4 +-N concentrations of 7–84 mg l?1 and the optimal NH4 +-N concentration was 28 mg l?1. 相似文献
123.
Yi-Hsuan Chuang Gui-Bing Hong 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(6):738-742
In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titania (TiO2) Degussa P-25 were mixed to generate TiO2 nonwoven filters using electrospinning. The wires of titanium dioxide and the nonwoven binding titania nanofibers were formed using 14 kV voltage and a distance of 15 cm. A single-factor experimental method was used to investigate the effects of parameters such as initial concentration, retention time, and light source on acetone removal by nonwoven binding titania nanofibers. Furthermore, the effects of parameters such as gas pressure, particle size, initial concentration, and retention time on the removal of particulates were also assessed. The results showed that the degradation efficiency increased with decreasing initial concentrations and increasing retention time. The best operational conditions during this study for the removal of acetone using the TiO2 nonwoven filters were a retention time of 100 sec, initial acetone concentration of 250 ppm, and ultraviolet (UV) light source of 254 nm. Under those conditions, 99% acetone removal efficiency was obtained. In addition, 90% particulate matter removal efficiency was reached when the particulate size was greater than 200 nm and the reaction time was longer than 5 minutes. The prepared TiO2/nanofiber has good performance for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate removal at the same time.
Implications: In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titania (TiO2) Degussa P-25 were mixed to generate TiO2 nonwoven filters using electrospinning. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions for the removal of acetone using the TiO2 nonwoven filters were a retention time of 100 sec, initial acetone concentration of 250 ppm, and UV light source of 254 nm. Under those conditions, 99% acetone removal efficiency was obtained. 相似文献
124.
航空装备维修安全是确保装备飞行安全的重要因素,为提高航空装备飞行的安全性,需要对航空装备维修安全进行准确评价。根据航空装备维修安全评价涉及的不确定性问题,采用模糊数学和熵理论,提出一种基于模糊贴近度和熵权的航空装备维修安全综合评价方法。在建立航空装备维修安全评价指标体系的基础上,采用熵确定各指标的权重值、加权平均算子确定综合评价集,利用非对称贴近度进行决策分析。通过对某型飞机调查数据的算例分析,确定航空装备维修安全的主要影响因素,得出该型飞机维修安全水平的评价值。 相似文献
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126.
由于传统畜禽养殖废水处理方式存在不足,基于微藻的水污染控制技术受到越来越多的关注.以斜生栅藻为研究对象,探究了在混合 营养方式下,六价铬(Cr2O72-,0~4.0 mg·L-1)胁迫对微藻生长及有机物(COD)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和总磷(TP)去除的影响.结果表明:Cr(Ⅵ)对斜生栅藻的半数抑制浓度(EC50)为1.7 mg·L-1 ,当Cr(Ⅵ)浓度较低(0.5 mg·L-1)、暴露时间较短(≤36 h)时,斜生栅藻的生长和养分去除几乎不受 影响;此外,Cr(Ⅵ)胁迫对斜生栅藻生物量和氮、磷的去除影响较大,对COD的去除影响较小.当Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为4.0 mg·L-1时,微藻生物质产率降低了82.5%,叶绿素含量降低了62.5%,COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别降低了27.3%、48.0%和38.6%;斜生栅藻细胞表面的羟基、氨基和 羧基有利于缓解Cr(VI)对藻细胞的毒害作用,0~4.0 mg·L-1 Cr(Ⅵ)作用下,96 h藻细胞内的铬积累量为0.9~3.8 mg·g-1. 相似文献
127.
基于2015~2017年银川市PM2.5逐小时质量浓度和同期气象数据,采用气流后向轨迹聚类分析法、潜在来源贡献函数法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)研究银川市PM2.5的输送路径及潜在源分布.结果表明:2013~2018年银川市大气PM2.5质量浓度呈先升高后下降的趋势,其中2016年PM2.5浓度年均值最高(54.25±20.91)μg/m3;在四季变化中,冬季PM2.5浓度最高(75.11±29.21)μg/m3,夏季最低(31.83±7.09)μg/m3.聚类分析表明西北方向气流是银川市四季PM2.5主要的输送路径,在春、秋、冬3季PM2.5均为西北长距离输送路径;而在夏季,短距离输送气流是PM2.5主要的输送方式.PSCF与CWT分析表明,冬季PM2.5潜在源区范围最大,主要集中在西北-东南走向的潜在贡献源区带,包括新疆中东部、青海省北部、河西走廊地区、内蒙古西南部、甘肃省南部以及宁夏西北部;春、秋两季PM2.5潜在源区主要位于新疆东部与甘肃省交界区域、甘肃省东南部、湖北北部、陕西西南部以及重庆北部;夏季的潜在源区范围最小,主要集中在新疆东部与甘肃交界区域.在PM2.5重污染天气期间,其主要来源于西北方向气流,潜在源区主要分布在新疆东部与甘肃交界区域、内蒙古西南部与甘肃交界区域以及甘肃中南部地区.因此,在实施防风固沙的基础上,加强区域环境合作,实施大气污染联合防治,可以有效缓解银川乃至京津冀地区的大气污染. 相似文献
128.
从柴油污染土壤中筛选分离出一株高效降解柴油的菌株CY-1,考察了自然衰减修复、生物刺激修复、生物强化修复以及生物刺激-生物强化联合修复等4种修复方法对土壤中柴油的降解能力及降解过程中几种土壤微生物酶活性的变化。实验结果表明:该菌为假单胞菌属;采用生物刺激-生物强化联合修复初始柴油质量分数为2.70%的柴油污染土壤,经过31 d的降解,柴油质量分数降至1.09%,柴油去除率达59.6%;经生物刺激-生物强化联合修复,土壤脱氢酶活性和荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶活性最高;通过生物刺激处理可使土壤脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性达到最高。 相似文献
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130.
地球上蕴藏着巨大的天然气水合物(GasHydrates)矿藏,它可作为一种新的烃类资源来开发利用。天然气水合物中CH4的释放影响全球气候变化。同时,天然气水合物是一种潜在的环境灾害诱发因素。天然气水合物的研究与开发目前在国内外成为研究热点。新一代地球观测信息,如已发射成功的TERRA中的MODIS、MOPITT信息以及即将发射的化学星CHEM为天然气水合物的研究与开发提供了新的技术方法。中国气候观测系统中观测台站观测信息的共享,加速了开发利用新一代地球观测信息的速度,也必将促进新一代地球观测信息在天然气水合物研究中发挥更大的作用。 相似文献