Complexation of iron by salicylic acid and its effect on atrazine photodegradation in aqueous solution

The photodegradation of atrazine and the photochemical formation of Fe(II) and H₂O₂ in aqueous solutions containing salicylic acid and Fe(III) were studied under simulated sunlight irradiation. Atrazine photolysis followed first-order reaction kinetics, and the rate constant (k) corresponding to the solution of Fe(III)-salicylic acid complex (Fe(III)-SA) was only 0.0153 h^?1, roughly one eighth of the k observed in the Fe(III) alone solution (0.115 h^?1). Compared with Fe(III) solution, the presence of salicylic acid significantly enhanced the formation of Fe(II) but greatly decreased H₂O₂ generation, and their subsequent product, hydroxyl radical (˙OH), was much less, accounting for the low rate of atrazine photodegradation in Fe(III)-SA solution. The interaction of Fe(III) with salicylic acid was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption, indicating that Fe(III)-salicylic acid complex could be formed by ligand exchange between the hydrogen ions in salicylic acid and Fe(III) ions.     

Allozyme polymorphisms in horseshoe crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, collected from polluted and unpolluted intertidal areas in Peninsular Malaysia

It has been widely reported that allozyme frequency variation is a potential indicator of heavy metal-induced impacts in aquatic populations. In the present study, wild populations of horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) were collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites of Peninsular Malaysia. By adopting horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, seven enzyme systems were used to study allozyme polymorphisms. Nine polymorphic loci were observed in C. rotundicauda. The relationships of allozyme variations with the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in sediments and in muscle tissues of horseshoe crabs were determined. Based on genetic distance, the lower mean value of Nei??s D (0.017) indicated that both of the contaminated populations of Kg. Pasir Puteh and Kuala Juru were very closely related when compared to the relatively uncontaminated Pantai Lido population. Higher heterozygosities were shown by the contaminated populations when compared to the uncontaminated population. Different allelic frequencies could be observed for the aldolase (ALD; E.C. 2.7.5.1) locus between the contaminated and uncontaminated populations of C. rotundicauda. The dendrogram of genetic relationships of the three populations of C. rotundicauda showed the same clustering pattern as the dendrograms are based on heavy metals in the sediments and in the horseshoe crabs?? abdominal muscles. From the F statistics, the present study showed that the three populations of horseshoe crabs were considered to have undergone moderate genetic differentiation with a mean F _ST value of 0.092 .The current results suggest that allozyme polymorphism in horseshoe crabs is a potential biomonitoring tool for metal contamination, although further validation is required.     

天津生态城低碳体验中心碳排放及减碳潜力研究

基于绿色建筑评价指标体系,采用eFootprint软件对天津市中新生态城低碳体验中心全生命周期碳排放量和运营阶段采用的主要绿色技术减碳潜力进行计算与分析,结果表明:该建筑运营阶段碳排放量占比最大,为89.74％,其次是物化阶段,为10.08％,废弃阶段仅占比0.18％.同时,太阳能热水技术措施的利用对建筑的减碳效果最好...     

Space-time modeling for the Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey

The Missouri Turkey Hunting Survey (MTHS) is a postseason mail survey conducted by the Missouri Department of Conservation. The 1996 MTHS provides information concerning the number of turkeys harvested by hunters on each day and the total number of trips made to the counties by these hunters on each day of the hunting season. The success rates are then found from this information. Small sample sizes produce large standard errors for the estimates at the county level. We use a Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate daily hunting success rates at the county level. The model includes an autoregressive process for the days of the hunting season and spatially correlated random geographic effects. The computations are performed using Gibbs sampling and adaptive rejection sampling techniques. Results show that there are significant spatial corelations between counties and correlations between days of the hunting season. The estimates are close to the frequency estimates at the state level and much more stable at the county level.     

大肠杆菌对赤子爱胜蚓体表超微结构的影响

以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为实验动物,研究了细菌诱导(浸浴诱导和注射诱导)对蚯蚓体表超微结构的影响.结果表明:(1)用细菌浸浴4h的实验组、用细菌注射4h的实验组及对照组蚯蚓的角质层厚度分别为(0.51±0.03)μm、(0.56±0.02)μm、(0.50±0.01)μm;上角质层突起的高度分别为(0.16±0.02)μm、(0.12±0.01)μm、(0.11±0.01)μm;上角质层游离面中微绒毛的高度分别为(0.18±0.02)μm、(0.11±0.01)μm、(0.11±0.01)μm.统计分析表明,蚯蚓在抵御微生物侵袭过程中,体表角质层中的上角质层突起及上角质层游离面中的微绒毛发挥着重要作用.(2)细菌浸浴4h的实验组、用细菌注射4h实验组及对照组蚯蚓体表的表皮厚度分别为(2.63±0.15)μm、(2.23±0.06)μm、(1.97±0.15)μm;表皮中小颗粒蛋白细胞的颗粒直径分别为(0.38±0.04)μm、(0.26±0.02)μm、(0.24±0.02)μm;大颗粒粘液细胞的颗粒直径分别为(0.50±0.04)μm、(0.26±0.03)μm、(0.21±0.02)μm;网状粘液细胞的直径分别为(0.93±0.06)μm、(0.63±0.06)μm、(0.28±0.03)μm.统计分析表明,蚯蚓在抵御微生物侵袭的过程中,表皮中的腺细胞(小颗粒蛋白细胞、大颗粒粘液细胞及网状粘液细胞)发挥着重要作用.图4表2参17     

Cd胁迫下黄土施用污泥对小麦生长及Cd富集迁移的影响

为了能给污泥资源开发利用开辟新的途径,以黄土为供试土壤,小麦（Triticumaestivum L.）为供试作物。采用盆栽试验研究了泥在不同Cd胁迫黄土中对小麦生长的影响及其对小麦各部位Cd的富集迁移规律。试验设计2个污泥处理水平,每个塑料盆中加入8.0 kg供试土壤或污泥含量为4.0%的供试土壤,土壤中以Cd（NO3）2·4H2O溶液形式加入的Cd质量分数分别为0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、25.0、50 mg·kg^-1,对应各处理为TS1-TS7。各胁迫水平均设置3个平行,同时设置对照TS0。结果表明,黄土中低水平的Cd胁迫可促进小麦的生长,且在Cd污染水平5.0 mg·kg^-1时施污泥和未施污泥土壤中小麦生物量均最大,而高水平的Cd胁迫抑制小麦的生长,且Cd胁迫水平越高,抑制作用越强烈;Cd胁迫下施用污泥可促进小麦的生长,尤其是茎叶和籽粒的生长;小麦各部位Cd的含量随土壤Cd处理水平的升高而增加且呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,各部位最大浓度分别可以达到：45.32、14.41、9.66 mg·kg^-1,且根系＞茎叶＞籽粒,污泥的施用能促进小麦对Cd的吸收;小麦各部位对Cd的富集能力均随着土壤Cd胁迫水平的升高而先增加后减小,污泥的施用在一定程度上提高了小麦对Cd的富集能力,各部位富集系数最大分值分别为1.81、0.93、0.51,但对Cd进入小麦根系后向茎叶和籽粒的迁移影响不显著。     

德务淫羊藿的化学成分研究

德务淫羊藿地上部分提取物经硅胶柱色谱、硅胶制备薄层色谱等方法反复分离纯化,用各种波谱数据分析、鉴定化合物的结构.从德务淫羊藿的氯仿部分和正丁醇部分分离和鉴定了7个化合物,分别为二十烷醇(Ⅰ)、正十八酸(Ⅱ)、β谷甾醇(Ⅲ)、γ谷甾醇(Ⅳ)、20Hydroxydammar24en3one(Ⅴ)、桂木宁U(artoninU)(Ⅵ)、胡箩卜甙(Ⅶ).化合物Ⅰ～Ⅶ均首次从该植物中分离得到.参6     

锅炉烟尘测试有关问题探讨

锅炉烟尘测试方法中规定,在锅炉运行出力大于锅炉额定负荷７０％时的工况条件下,烟尘的测试结果才为有效。为此,应用有关数学公式进行计算,根据计算结果判断当时的锅炉运行工况是否符合测试要求,以避免无效监测。     

以养殖废水为底料的微生物燃料电池产电性能与水质净化效果

以养殖场沼泥为接种物,构建了乙二胺、三氯化铁改性碳毡阳极的单室无膜微生物燃料电池,探讨了2种阳极改性电池的产电规律,考察了其去除养殖废水中COD、氨氮的效果以及臭味的表观性状变化。结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物时,乙二胺、三氯化铁改性阳极微生物燃料电池在启动20 d和22 d后分别达到稳定,输出电压分别为0.514 V和0.527V(外阻为500Ω),对应输出功率密度分别为332 mW/m2和349 mW/m2。逐渐增大废水投加比例至原水时,2个电池的最大功率密度分别为208 mW/m2和158 mW/m2,COD去除率分别为85%和78%,氨氮去除率分别为52%和45%。此外,养殖废水的臭味去除效果明显。因此,构建的2种改性阳极微生物燃料电池可以利用养殖废水产电,同时使水质得到一定程度的净化。     

废旧线路板中主要有价金属的生物反应器浸出研究

为探讨可供实际生物浸出应用的反应器规模废旧线路板中有价金属浸出特性和工艺条件,通过设计序批式生物浸出反应器,采用分离到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌Z1作为菌种资源,在考察废旧线路板中有价金属的浸出特性的基础上,确定了反应器运行的最佳工艺条件.结果表明,反应器运行的最佳工艺条件为曝气量1L/min、停留时间30h、搅拌速率300r/min以及粉末投加量12g/L.在此条件下,经过101h可以浸出90.24%的铜.同时,经197h的浸出,可以溶出93.06%的镁、92.00%的锌、85.59%的铝和64.51%的镍.因此,生物浸出反应器能有效回收废旧线路板中的有价金属,为该技术的实际应用提供了实验证据.