基于空间信息技术的城市环境时空调控范式研究

城市环境－生态系统是高度复杂的时空复合动力学系统。通过对城市环境问题的空间动力学机制分析后,提出城市环境可持续发展时空调控的层次途径,并构造了融合遥感、地理信息系统等空间信息技术、环境建模技术、决策支持系统、人工智能等技术的城市生态－环境系统时空调控的体系框架,为城市环境管理及环境空间决策提供新的理论范。     

Growth substrate selection and biodegradation of PCP by New Zealand white-rot fungi

Nine New Zealand native white-rot fungi were studied for their ability to grow and survive on different substrates formulated from bark, wheat straw, sawdust, apple pomace and maize products in order to identify their pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation potential and to select a fungal carrier for bioaugmentation of polluted soils. Isolates were also evaluated to mineralize (14)C-PCP in liquid culture and in soil. The American fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium outgrew the native fungi on the substrates tested, but the high colonisation did not result in superior PCP dechlorination as measured by chloride release. Whilst Trametes versicolor inocula produced on wheat straw and SCS (sawdust-corn meal-starch-mix) gave the highest chloride release, colonization of these two substrates as measured by biological potential was lower compared to the pomace and pomace-sawdust-mix. Neither lignin peroxidase nor manganese peroxidase production were measured for New Zealand white-rot fungi during the experiments. Laccase was the only enzyme detected. In liquid culture, the mineralisation rate was higher for T. versicolor isolates compared to P. chyrysoporium. Very little to no pentachloroanisole (PCA) was captured in the volatile fraction of T. versicolor isolates, whereas 75% of the volatile fraction of P. chrysosporium consisted of PCA. The soil microcosms studies, using contaminated soil from a timber treatment site, clearly showed that the New Zealand T. versicolor isolates mineralized PCP. Degradation of PCP in non-sterile soil was higher in the presence of white-rot fungi than in soil without white-rot fungus. This demonstrates that viable white-rot fungus is necessary for significant PCP degradation and that T. versicolor isolates showed PCP remediation potential. Wheat straw and SCS could be suitable carriers for New Zealand native T. versicolor isolates for bioremediation of PCP polluted soil sites.     

CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统在油气储罐上的应用研究

塔里木油田主力油区年平均气温高且昼夜温差大,普通油气储罐的油气蒸发损耗大,同时由于油气蒸发导致储罐附近油气浓度大,存在一定安全隐患,对储罐周围的环境也造成一定污染。CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统具有高反射率、高辐射率、低导热系数、低蓄热系数的特点,通过在塔里木油田的应用,有效降低了油气储罐表面温度和油气损耗。文章对该绝热涂层系统在塔里木油田的应用情况及取得的效果进行了论述。     

五种土壤吸附喹乙醇特性的研究

用振荡平衡法研究了喹乙醇在东北黑土、常熟水稻土、陕西潮土、南京黄棕壤和江西红壤中吸附行为及其影响因素.结果表明,喹乙醇在5种土壤中的吸附行为均可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行良好的线性拟合.其吸附系数KF很小,分别为2.813,1.740,0.446,0.309和0.201,显示很难被土壤吸附.其KF与土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量呈良好的相关性.而与土壤pH值及黏粒含量相关性较差.温度和离子强度均对喹乙醇在土壤中的吸附有一定影响,较低的温度和离子强度均有利于土壤对喹乙醇的吸附.     

葛洲坝水利工程对长江中游生态水文特征的影响

为了满足人类社会经济发展要求而修建的水利工程,不可避免地对生态环境造成了巨大影响。从生态水文学角度对长江中游的生态水文特征进行了研究。借鉴国外已有的研究成果,建立了一套指标体系包括长期指标、高流量指标、低流量指标、平均变化指标、涨水落水指标和月流量指标,通过分析指标的变化来评价水利水电工程对生态环境的影响。长江中游是最重要的家鱼自然繁殖区,利用建立的指标体系量化并分析了葛洲坝建坝前后长江中游的生态水文特征变化。分析认为,葛洲坝的修建主要影响涨水落水,对其它生态水文特征影响不大;对于鱼类,涨水过程是刺激鱼类产卵的必要条件,葛洲坝的修建对鱼类产卵造成了一定影响。     

Fluorescently visualizing the penetration of anionic surfactants across cytoplasmic membrane and the subsequent damage on human cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The extensive application of chemically synthesized anionic surfactants would cause serious pollution of water and increase health risk to humans....     

Fiscal decentralization,government innovation preference,and haze pollution

Local governments are the dominant players in haze pollution control; furthermore, financial power reconstruction affects the effectiveness of haze control. Government innovation preference achieves win-win results for environmental protection and economic development by increasing innovation support. Therefore, a moderating variable for government innovation preference was added to the fiscal decentralization effect on haze pollution, and their interactive effect on haze pollution was studied. This study was conducted in 30 provincial regions. Thus, the severity of regional haze pollution differs because of temporal heterogeneity and asynchronous development. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact on haze pollution from the perspectives of the temporal and spatial differences in different regions of China. The results indicate that (1) fiscal decentralization increases haze pollution, while government innovation preferences control it. (2) In a local evaluation model with a diversified background, fiscal decentralization restrains haze pollution, and pollution source complexity reduces government innovation preference’s control pollution function. The interaction term revealed that government innovation preferences had a significant moderating effect. (3) Fiscal decentralization and government innovation preferences control the heterogeneity of haze pollution in different regions.

     

A zero-inflated Bayesian spatial model with near-locating measurements

Zero-inflated data arise in many contexts. In this paper, we develop a zero-inflated Bayesian hierarchical model which deals with spatial effects, correlation among near-locating measurements as well as excess zeros simultaneously. Inference, including the sampling from the posterior distributions, predictions at new locations, and model selection, is carried out by using computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. The posterior distributions are simulated using a Gibbs sampler with the embedded ratio-of-uniform method and the slice sampling algorithm. The approach is illustrated via an application to herbaceous data collected in the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project. The results from the proposed model are compared with those generated from a non-zero inflated model. The proposed model fully incorporates the information from data collection and provides more reliable inference. A predictive $p$ value is computed for model checking and it indicates that the proposed model fits the data well.