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141.
Chris FitzGerald 《环境质量管理》1991,1(1):9-15
The most successful corporate environmental programs regard environmental compliance as an opportunity to improve productivity and profits and seek to integrate environmental information management systems (EIMS) into line information functions. Integrated EIMS should provide timely, accurate data to support all three types of environmental management responsibilities: results and comparison reports for source management; material and waste transaction and emission reports for materials management; and compliance, summary, exception, and trend data for risk managers at every level. 相似文献
142.
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144.
Jozien T. J. Brons Hans J. Van Der Harten Herman P. Van Geijn Juri W. Wladimiroff Martinus F. Niermeuer Dick Lindhout Patricia A. Stuart Chris J. L. M. Meijer Nico F. Th Arts 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(5):279-288
Radial-ray reduction malformations (RRRMs) may occur isolated or in association with other anomalies. The data of seven fetuses born with RRRMs were collected. Six fetuses had associated lethal abnormalities of the central nervous system, urogenital system, and/or heart, detected by ultrasound. In five cases, it was possible to establish the precise diagnosis, enabling an informed prognosis and subsequent genetic counselling. The diagnoses were: Edwards syndrome (n=3), VACTERL association (n=1), and Poland-Moebius-like complex (n= 1). In two cases, a complete diagnosis was not possible because of inadequate evaluation of these fetuses before and/or after birth. A proposal is given for the diagnostic approach for infants with RRRMs detected in the antenatal period by means of ultrasonography. 相似文献
145.
Marion Petrie Marion Hall Tim Halliday Helen Budgey Chris Pierpoint 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1992,31(5):349-358
Summary Approximately 50% of marked peahens (Pavo cristatus) mate more than once with lek males. Some females mate with more than one male, others copulate repeatedly with the same male. The frequency of courtship also shows marked variation. Some females repeatedly engage males in courtship interactions after they have succesfully copulated with them. The likelihood of mating with more than one male increases if a female first mates with a non-preferred (unsuccessful male). There is a non-significant tendency for females to copulate with a more successful male when remating. Peahens may mate with a non-preferred male first if they do not encounter a successful male during their initial period of choice, perhaps because the most successful male on a lek was courting another female and/or was defended by another female. There are more aggressive interactions between females in front of preferred males. Preferred males receive more repetitive courtship behaviour and repeated matings. Dominant females are more likely to engage in repetitive courtship and matings. The number of times a female initiates courtship on any one day increases with the number of other females actively courting males at a lek site on that day. We suggest that there is competition amongst females for access to preferred males and that dominant females try to monopolise these males by repeatedly engaging them in courtship interactions. We discuss the implications of these observations for the idea that female may gain directly from mate choice in a species where males contribute nothing but gametes to their offspring.
Correspondence to: M. Petrie at the present address 相似文献
146.
Erisman JW Vermeulen A Hensen A Flechard C Dämmgen U Fowler D Sutton M Grünhage L Tuovinen JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,133(3):403-413
Monitoring and modelling of deposition of air pollutants is essential to develop and evaluate policies to abate the effects related to air pollution and to determine the losses of pollutants from the atmosphere. Techniques for monitoring wet deposition fluxes are widely applied. A recent intercomparison experiment, however, showed that the uncertainty in wet deposition is relatively high, up to 40%, apart from the fact that most samplers are biased because of a dry deposition contribution. Wet deposition amounts to about 80% of the total deposition in Europe with a range of 10-90% and uncertainty should therefore be decreased. During recent years the monitoring of dry deposition has become possible. Three sites have been operational for 5 years. The data are useful for model development, but also for model evaluation and monitoring of progress in policy. Data show a decline in SO(2) dry deposition, whereas nitrogen deposition remained constant. Furthermore, surface affinities for pollutants changed leading to changes in deposition. Deposition models have been further developed and tested with dry deposition measurements and total deposition measurements on forests as derived from throughfall data. The comparison is reasonable given the measurement uncertainties. Progress in ozone surface exchange modelling and monitoring shows that stomatal uptake can be quantified with reasonable accuracy, but external surface uptake yields highest uncertainty. 相似文献
147.
Collins C Laturnus F Nepovim A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):86-94
The widespread use of industrial chemicals in our highly industrialized society has often caused contamination of large terrestrial and marine areas due to the deliberate and accidental release of organic pollutants into the soil and groundwater. In this review, environmental problems arising from the use of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds are described, and an overview about active management strategies for remediation with special emphasis on phytoremediation are presented to achieve a reduction of the total mass of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation has been proposed as an efficient, low-cost remediation technique to restore areas contaminated with chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds. The feasibility of phytoremediation as a remediation tool for these compounds is discussed with particular reference to the uptake and metabolism of these compounds, and a future perspective on the use of phytoremediation for the removal of chlorinated solvents and BTEX compounds is given. 相似文献
148.
The non-random dispersal of plant propagules is thought to counter competitive exclusion and thus promote the survival of competitively inferior species. We investigated this process by modelling the outcome of interactions between species with competitive ability defined as a function of both life-history traits and the environment with both random and clustered dispersal strategies and in environmentally homogeneous and heterogeneous environments. Four main results emerged: (1) environmental heterogeneity was seen to promote co-existence in conjunction with associated trait variation for tolerance to the environmental variable and where this trait variation was effectively limited by ‘trade-off’ such that no single species had an overall competitive advantage, (2) consistent with theory, random dispersal appeared to enhance the likelihood of competitive exclusion, whereas clustering favoured co-existence, (3) the ecological outcome of interactions between dispersal and competitive relationships varied as a function of the trait determining the competitive advantage within a particular environment, and (4) promotion of co-existence by clustered dispersal was most marked when associated with environmental heterogeneity. It is argued that these results suggest that current ecological models of species interactions may need to be modified to incorporate a more realistic understanding of competitive ability if we are to better understand the factors effecting species co-existence. 相似文献
149.
Precision of Population Viability Analysis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Stephen P. Ellner #§ John Fieberg Donald Ludwig † Chris Wilcox‡ 《Conservation biology》2002,16(1):258-261
150.
James V. Zidek Gavin Shaddick Jean Meloche Chris Chatfield Rick White 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2007,14(4):411-431
This paper presents a general framework for constructing a predictive distribution of the exposure to an environmental hazard
sustained by a randomly selected member of a designated population. The individual’s exposure is assumed to arise from random
movement through the environment, resulting in a distribution of exposure that can be used for environmental risk analysis.
A specialization of the general framework is that of predicting human exposure to air pollution that can be used to develop
models for such things as exposure to particulate matter; practical aspects of their construction are considered. These models
can help answer questions such as what fraction of the population sustained ‘high’ levels of exposure for say 5 days in a
row. The immediate implementation of the above framework takes the form of a computing platform referred to as pCNEM. This provides a facility for simulating exposures to airborne pollutants and is described in detail elsewhere. This paper
considers some theoretical aspects underpinning probabilistic exposure models of this type, with the ideas illustrated in
developing a model for predicting human exposure to PM
10. 相似文献