沉水植物龙须眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)对镉、铅的吸附特性

采用龙须眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)干样为实验材料,研究了龙须眼子菜对溶液中镉、铅吸附的基本特征。相同浓度不同时间条件下的吸附实验结果显示,龙须眼子菜对溶液中镉、铅离子的吸附速度很快,大约20min就能达到平衡,吸附的限速过程是小孔扩散过程,随着时间的延长,吸附的动力学特征可用假二次方程描述。相同时间不同浓度条件下的吸附实验结果显示,龙须眼子菜对镉、铅的最大吸附量分别能达到32368和24776mg·kg-1,吸附的浓度动力学特征符合Langmuir曲线方程。所有结果都表明,龙须眼子菜能有效地从溶液中去除镉和铅,可以用于水体镉、铅污染的植物修复,也可把龙须眼子菜干样作为一种新的吸附剂用于去除工业废水中的镉和铅。     

东北、内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中As,Ba,Be,Cb,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se,Sr,V,Zn,Zr的含量水平及分布规律.煤灰灰分中多数元素含量高于克拉克值、土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量,呈富集状态.相关矩阵和聚类分析表明,煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性.由于复杂的成煤过程,煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律.     

用ERIC-PCR技术分析炼油废水生物强化处理菌剂及其抗负荷冲击能力

运用ERIC-PCR技术,分析研究了炼油废水处理菌剂的组成,以及炼油废水处理系统在受到高负荷冲击时,投加高效炼油废水处理菌剂的生物强化系统和对照系统中污泥微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明,投加高效菌剂的处理系统抗高负荷冲击和恢复系统稳定的能力明显高于对照系统;并且,投加高效菌剂的处理系统在受到高负荷冲击时污泥微生物群落结构变化甚微,在短时间内污泥微生物群落结构即能够恢复正常.图5表2参14     

无机阳离子对TiO2光催化降解染料的影响

考察了6种无机阳离子对P-25 TiO2光催化降解染料的影响，结果发现，Cu^2 ，Mn^2 和Ni^2 对光催化反应有强烈的抑制作用，Ca^2 ，Mg^2 和Al^3 对光催化反应速率无明显的负影响．经X光电能谱(XPS)的分析，确定锰离子以氧化物的形式沉积在氧化钛表面，使催化剂不可逆的中毒．Cu^2 和Ni^2 通过俘获光致电子导致催化活性降低。     

Preparation and characterization of visible-light-active nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst

A visible-light photocatalyst was prepared by calcination of the hydrolysis product of Ti(SO4)2 with ammonia as precipitator. The color of this photocatalyst was vivid yellow. It could absorb light under 550 nm wavelength. The crystal structure of anatase was characterized by XRD. The structure analysis result of X-ray fluorescence(XRF) shows that doped-nitrogen was presented in the sample. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated using methyl orange and phenol as model pollutants. The photocatalytic activities of samples were increasing gradually with calcination temperature from 400℃ to 700℃ under UV irradiation. It can be seen that the degradation of methyl orange follows zero-order kinetics. However, the calcination temperatures have no significant influence on the degradation of phenol under sunlight. The N-doped catalyst shows higher activity than the bare one under solar irradiation.     

Catalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis of brominated diphenyl ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants due to their use as additive flame-retardants. Conventional catalytic hydrogenolysis in methanol solution and electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis in aqueous methanol were examined as methods for debrominating mono- and di-bromodiphenyl ethers, as well as a commercial penta-PBDE mixture, in each case using palladium on alumina as the catalyst. Electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis employed a divided flow-through batch cell, with reticulated vitreous carbon cathodes and IrO2/Ti dimensionally stable anodes. Both methods gave efficient sequential debromination, with essentially complete removal of bromine from the PBDEs, but the electrocatalytic method was limited by the poor solubility of PBDEs in aqueous methanol.     

水和废水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法及进展

本文引用了七十余篇近几年国内外的有关著文,对水和废水中的多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法进行了评述,全面系统地介绍了水样的采集、富集、净化和分析测定等操作程序,着重于样品的前处理和气相色谱分析,并提出了这一领域今后的发展趋势。     

Adsorption of nitrosamines in acidic solution by zeolites

Adsorption of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) by zeolite NaZSM-5, Hbeta and NaZSM-11 in acidic solution with pH of 1 was investigated. The NPYR uptake process obeyed the first-rate Lagegren kinetic equation describing adsorption, and the equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir or Freundlich adsorption equation. Zeolite ZSM-5, Hbeta and NaZSM-11 possessed a higher adsorption capacity than amorphous silica or ordered mesoporous siliceous SBA-15, implying their potential application for adsorption of nitrosamines in gastric juice to anti-cancer.     

浅水湖泊水生植物适宜生物量评估方法的探讨

总结了水生植物对湖泊生态系统的影响、水生植物生物量控制与收割管理的研究,分析了目前浅水富营养化湖泊恢复过程中水生植物生物量确定方法的不足;立足于水生植物生长特点,提出了基于湖泊生态模型的浅水湖泊大型水生植物在生长期和衰亡期的适宜生物量评估方法的研究框架,本文可为指导湖泊生态修复工程及其后续维护,为完善健康湖泊的综合评价标准和湖泊生态修复理论提供科学支撑.     

基于遗传集对分析的空气环境质量评价

集对分析是针对确定与不确定问题进行定量分析的一种方法,而表征差异度系数i的取值,一直没有确定的方法,即使在确定了同一度、差异度、对立度之后,整个联系数仍因i的不确定取值而呈现既确定又不确定的特征。文章将遗传算法应用于联系数表达式中i值的优化求解,使得联系数确定化,并结合实例对空气环境质量进行评价,评价结果与用其它方法评价结果比较表明该方法的可行性。