一株高效MC—RR降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

为了得到一株具有降解微囊藻毒素一RR（MC—RR）特性的产芽孢菌株,采用加热富集芽孢菌的方法,从太湖分离到一株MC．RR降解菌CMl,该菌对MC—RR具有强烈的降解特性。通过形态学特征、生理生化特征及16SrDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株属于耐硼赖氨酸芽孢杆菌（Lysinibacillusb oronitolerans）。通过研究温度和pH值对菌株CMl降解MC—RR能力的影响,发现菌株CMl在60h将MC—RR由12．77μg／mL降解到1．67μg／mL,降解率达86．90％,最适降解温度为37℃,最适pH值为7．0。CMl菌株的胞外物质和胞内物质均能降解MC—RR,但胞内物质具有更强烈的降解特性,12h可以将7．27μg／mL的MC-RR完全降解。为丰富MC-RR降解菌纯菌种研究以及在去除水体中MC—RR应用研究方面提供了理论基础。     

低浓度含砷污酸处理工艺的比较研究

比较研究了石灰中和法和石灰-铁盐法对硫化后含低浓度砷(20～50 mg/L)污酸的处理效果。结果表明,单纯采用石灰法,废水难以达标排放;而两段石灰-铁盐(氯化铁)法满足达标排放的同时,一段及二段沉淀物的浸出液中砷、镉、铜、铅和锌含量均低于危险废物鉴别标准要求(GB 5085.3-2007);其最优工艺参数为一段终了pH=2,反应时间为2 h,二段终了pH=8、Fe/As=8、反应时间为60 min、氧化剂投加量(Ca(ClO)2/As)为6∶1;正交实验结果中各参数对铁盐除砷效果影响顺序为终了pH>反应时间>Fe/As>氧化剂投加量。     

NaOH预处理对玉米秸秆固态厌氧消化的影响

实验主要研究了NaOH预处理对玉米秸秆厌氧消化产气量和产气效率的影响。采用质量分数分别为1.0%、2.5%、5.0%和7.5%NaOH溶液对玉米秸秆进行24 h浸泡和未浸泡等预处理,测定其厌氧消化过程中各指标的变化。结果表明,经质量分数为5.0%NaOH浸泡24 h后,玉米秸秆木质素降解率最大,为38.67%;厌氧发酵累积产气量为226.75L/kg VS,与未经碱处理实验组相比提高了38.5%。该结果提示,5.0%NaOH溶液浸泡24 h后可使玉米秸秆厌氧消化的产气量和产气效率显著提高。     

海水及浓海水吸收二氧化硫

采用鼓泡法研究了海水及浓海水对二氧化硫的吸收效果,并考察了吸收液温度、气体流量、盐度及碱度等因素的影响.结果表明,相同条件下,浓海水对二氧化硫的吸收能力较海水明显提高,且温度越高浓海水优势越明显,气体流量为200 mL/min,二氧化硫浓度为3 140 mg/m3,25℃时,浓海水的穿透时间较原海水延长20 min,60℃时则延长30 min.相同碱度条件下,盐度的增加对海水吸收二氧化硫无明显影响;而在相同盐度条件下,碱度的增加可显著提高海水吸收二氧化硫的能力.     

紫外催化湿式双氧水氧化处理化学镀铜废液

利用化学镀铜废液自身含有的铜作为催化剂,应用紫外催化湿式双氧水氧化工艺处理化学镀铜废液取得了良好效果。通过单因素实验确定的推荐工艺条件为：pH=2.0（保持原始值不变）;不额外投加铜催化剂;H₂O₂用量为2倍理论量。在此条件下处理化学镀铜废液180 min,COD去除率可达到96.6%;之后采用沉淀法回收铜,调节处理后废水pH到9.5,铜的回收率可达到99.8%。     

Industrial metabolism of chlorine: a case study of a chlor-alkali industrial chain

Substance flow analysis (SFA) is applied to a case study of chlorine metabolism in a chlor-alkali industrial chain. A chain-level SFA model is constructed, and eight indices are proposed to analyze and evaluate the metabolic status of elemental chlorine. The primary objectives of this study are to identify low-efficiency links in production processes and to find ways to improve the operational performance of the industrial chain. Five-year in-depth data collection and analysis revealed that system production efficiency and source efficiency continued increasing since 2008, i.e., when the chain was first formed, at average annual growth rates of 21.01 % and 1.01 %, respectively. In 2011, 64.15 % of the total chlorine input was transformed into final products. That is, as high as 98.50 % of the chlorine inputs were utilized when other by-products were counted. Chlorine loss occurred mostly in the form of chloride ions in wastewater, and the system loss rate was 0.54 %. The metabolic efficiency of chlorine in this case was high, and the chain system had minimal impact on the environment. However, from the perspectives of processing depth and economic output, the case study of a chlor-alkali industrial chain still requires expansion.     

Influence of the composition and removal characteristics of organic matter on heavy metal distribution in compost leachates

Compost leachates were collected to investigate the influence of the composition and removal of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), humic-like substances (HSs), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) on heavy metal distribution during the leachate treatment process. The results showed that acetic and propionic acids accounted for 81.3 to 93.84 % of VFAs, and that these acids were removed by the anaerobic-aerobic process. Humic- and fulvic-like substances were detected by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis, and their content significantly decreased after the anaerobic and membrane treatments. DON in compost leachates ranged from 26.53 mg L^-1 to 919.46 mg L^-1, comprised of dissolved free amino acids and the protein-like matter bound to humic- and fulvic-like substances, and was removed by the aerobic process. Correlation analysis showed that Mn, Ni, and Pb were bound to VFAs and protein-, fulvic-, and humic-like substances in the leachates. Co was primarily bound to fulvic- and humic-like matter and inorganic sulfurs, whereas Cu, Zn, and Cd interacted with inorganic sulfur.     

Characterizing the heavy metal-complexing potential of fluorescent water-extractable organic matter from composted municipal solid wastes using fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis

To investigate the effect of organic matter evolution on heavy metal sorption, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis were employed to characterize the evolution and metal-complexing potential of fluorescent water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from composted municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The WEOMs examined comprised humic-, fulvic-, tryptophan-, and tyrosine-like substances. Composting treatment increased the content of humic- and fulvic-like matter, and changed the existence pattern of tryptophan- and tyrosine-like substances (i.e., the tryptophan- and tyrosine-like substances from uncomposted MSWs were mainly bound in protein-like matter, whereas those from composted MSWs were primarily bound in humic- and fulvic-like substances). Furthermore, composting treatment increased the polar functional group, aromaticity, and humification degree of the WEOMs, but decreased the aliphatic and hydroxyl group. These evolutions decreased the Cu(II) affinities of fulvic- and humic-like substances and the Pb(II) affinities and complexing capacities of fulvic-like substances, but increased the Cu(II) complexing capacities of fulvic- and humic-like substances. These results reveal that mature composts from the MSWs can be used for the remediation of Cu- and Pb-contaminated soils in situ, whereas immature composts can enhance the metal transferability from soil to plant.     

圆板型多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷膜支撑体的制备与表征

以α-Al2O3为骨料,羧甲基纤维素作为成孔剂,高岭土、TiO2作为高温粘结剂和烧结助剂,采用干压成型工艺和固态粒子烧结法制备出了圆板型多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷膜支撑体(=50 mm,厚度为2 mm)。研究了成孔剂用量、高温粘结剂和烧结助剂的用量、烧结温度因素对支撑体性能的影响。结果表明,制得的支撑体孔隙率在34%以上,孔径在2.23～6.75μm,耐酸碱度在98%以上,机械强度高。     

高铁酸钾预氧化并复合高岭土与PAC絮凝去除水中的颤藻

对高铁酸钾预氧化并复合高岭土与PAC絮凝法除水中颤藻的效果进行了研究。通过正交实验得出了在实验水质条件下,去除颤藻的最佳条件为:高铁酸钾的投加量2.4 mg/L、高岭土24 mg/L、PAC 5 mg/L及pH值为6.5。在此条件下,K2FeO4除藻效果明显优于传统的PAC絮凝工艺。考察了K2FeO4对接种到培养液中的颤藻生长活性的影响,结果表明,随着K2FeO4量的增加,颤藻生长活性抑制时间增长。数码生物显微镜观察表明:K2FeO4在低浓度2.4 mg/L下不能破坏颤藻细胞结构,高浓度50 mg/L下可使其细胞破裂死亡。