并流旋转床气体出口压降数值分析

气体出口是旋转床的重要组成部分,对旋转床流场与气相压降有着重要的影响。研究并流旋转床结构、构建气体出口物理模型,利用RNG k-ε湍流模型,探索不同气体出口结构对并流旋转床流场的影响。模拟结果表明:具有4个切向气体出口的DCRPB3615型旋转床有利于旋转床内速度分布均匀、降低湍动能,减小气相压降。模拟与实验对比表明,DCRPB3615压降比单一径向出口的CRPB3615型旋转床降低10%左右。     

资源核算及其纳入国民经济核算体系初步研究

实施资源核算并将其纳入国民经济核算体系是保障和促进国民经济持续、稳定、协调发展的重要措施之一。本文论述了对这一问题初步研究的基本思路、框架、方法,并以1988年我国森林资源状况为研究范例,说明了核算方法的具体应用。     

用造纸污泥制备改性木质素磺酸钠

以甲醛作改性剂,用造纸污泥制备改性木质素磺酸钠,通过正交实验考察了各种因素对改性木质素磺酸钠减水性能的影响。实验结果表明：木质素磺酸钠进行羟甲基化反应时,在10g粗品木质素中加入甲醛7mL、反应温度为45℃、反应液pH为10—11的最佳条件下,改性木质素磺酸钠的减水率为25．2％。经测试,改性木质素磺酸钠的各项性能指标均达到普通减水剂的国家标准要求。     

近距离煤层群开采上保护层被保护层卸压瓦斯治理实践

为保障突出矿井近距离煤层群安全开采,本文基于上保护层开采时下邻近煤层卸压瓦斯治理的重要性,探讨采场动压影响下围岩变化与卸压瓦斯解吸运移的时空关系,研究瓦斯涌出形态和控制措施.结果表明:煤层组开采上保护层时,伴随工作面推进,底板煤岩系表现出时空滞后的蠕变特性;邻近层卸压瓦斯涌出按其对应工作面位置的活跃程度呈现出"四带"特征;被保护层卸压涌出占总瓦斯涌出量的70％以上,直接对被保护层进行目标抽采瓦斯是实现卸压瓦斯抽采最大化的最佳途径;在使用底板瓦斯道施工穿层钻孔抽采被保护层卸压瓦斯时,根据巷道顶板瓦斯层流情况,确定全负压通风并保持风速1.1m/s以上是保障安全作业环境优化条件.     

基于贝叶斯网的风险衰减系数的确定

本文引入贝叶斯网络分析的主要目的在于确定风险衰减系数。说明如何借助数学工具-贝叶斯网络分析确定了风险衰减系数的基本分析方法,同时也可得到有毒重气扩散条件下风险的衰减系数,最终完成了风险叠加模型。     

降温背心人体降温效果评价

本文目的是评价降温背心的降温效果。通过对3名成年人在不同环境条件下,分别穿着降温背心和普通服装,测量人员胸部、上肢、下肢和直肠温度的变化,同时监测心率、呼吸和出汗量等,得出环境温度越高,降温背心的降温效果越明显;体形胖的人耐热能力相对差;耐热与出汗量密切相关等结论,并指出降温背心的降温效果显著,能够满足高温岗位的需要。     

条带开采下沉系数计算与优化设计的神经网络模型

在综合分析条带开采地表下沉系数影响因素的基础上,采用神经网络方法建立了条带开采地表下沉系数的计算模型。模型以国内外成功的条带开采实例为学习训练样本和测试样本,对模型的计算结果与实测值进行了对比分析,分析结果表明,该模型的计算值更接近于实测值。在上述研究的基础上,在给定条带开采采出率的条件下,以条带开采的地表下沉系数最小为原则,运用该模型实现了对条带开采尺寸的优化设计。该研究的成果,为条带开采地表下沉系数的理论计算及条带开采尺寸的优化设计探索出了一种新的方法。     

重庆市2004年的水足迹分析

把水足迹分析方法作为一个实用的工具,用来分析一个国家或地区的生产结构或消费方式是如何影响水资源的利用,是当前国际水资源领域研究的一个热点。而研究一个国家或地区如何通过客观评价水足迹来减少国内水资源压力、如何通过虚拟水贸易来获得最大的利益则是水足迹分析方法的两个发展方向。首先介绍了水足迹分析法的基本理论和研究方法,接着计算了重庆市2004年的水足迹。结果表明,重庆市2004年的水足迹为37017×108 m3,人均水足迹为1 177 m3／a,水自给率为9869％,过高的水足迹和自给率给重庆市的水资源带来巨大的压力。同时也分析了产生这么高水足迹的原因,并探讨了水足迹对重庆市水资源管理的启示和战略意义。最后对该方法及其应用前景进行了评价。     

Investigation of aerosol and gas emissions from a coal-fired power plant under various operating conditions

The concentrations of fine particles and selected gas pollutants in the flue gas entering the stack were measured under several common operation modes in an operating coal power plant producing electricity. Particle size distributions in a diameter range from 10 nm to 20 μm were measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and the flue gas temperature and concentrations of CO₂ and SO₂ were monitored by a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). During the test campaign, five plant operating modes were studied: soot blowing, bypass of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD), reheat burner operating at 0% (turned off), 27%, and 42% (normal condition) of its full capacity. For wet and dry aerosols, the measured mode sizes were both around 40 nm, but remarkable differences were observed in the number concentrations (#/cm³, count per square centimeter). A prototype photoionizer enhanced electrostatic precipitator (ESP) showed improved removal efficiency of wet particles at voltages above +11.0 kV. Soot blowing and FGD bypass both increased the total particle number concentration in the flue gas. The temperature was slightly increased by the FGD bypass mode and varied significantly as the rating of reheat burner changed. The variations of CO₂ and SO₂ emissions showed correlations with the trend of total particle number concentration possibly due to the transitions between gas and particle phases. The results are useful in developing coal-fired power plant operation strategies to control fine particle emissions and developing amine-based CO₂ capture technologies without operating and environmental concerns associated with volatile amine emissions.

Implications: The measurement of the fine particle size distributions in the exhaust gas under several common operating conditions of a coal-fired power plant revealed different response relations between aerosol number concentration and the operating condition. A photo-ionizer enhanced ESP was demonstrated to capture fine particles with higher efficiency compared to conventional ESPs, and the removal efficiency increased with the applied voltage. The characteristic information of aerosols and main gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas is extremely important for developing and deploying CO₂ scrubbers, whose amine emissions and operating effectiveness depends greatly on the upstream concentrations of fine particles, SO₂, from the power plant.     

不同类型生物活性滤床对诺氟沙星的去除

诺氟沙星作为一种抗生素广泛应用于人类日常生活,并大量进入水体环境,给水环境质量和生态系统安全带来隐患。研究了由3种不同填料组成的水平流和复合垂直流生物活性滤床对诺氟沙星的去除效果,结果表明,在水力负荷为0．1m^3／（m^2·d）、进水诺氟沙星浓度为392．11—686．17μg／L（平均浓度为500．97μg／L）条件下,复合垂直流滤床对诺氟沙星去除效果普遍好于水平潜流滤床,以沸石为填料的复合垂直流生物活性滤床对诺氟沙星的去除效果最好,平均去除率为80．61％,说明选择合适填料和合适类型的生物活性滤床可以作为去除诺氟沙星的一种有效方法。