Pesticide contamination profiles of water, sediment and aquatic organisms in the effluent of Gaobeidian wastewater treatment plant

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, including DDT, HCH and HCB) and six indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were measured in water, sediment, zooplankton, fish and Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) from Gaobeidian Lake, which is located in the effluent of Gaobeidian wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Beijing, China. DDTs were dominant except for in water. In water, the concentrations of DDTs (6.22 ng l(-1)) and HCHs (18.0 ng l(-1)) were less than the limits (l000 ng l(-1) for DDTs and 5000 ng l(-1) for HCHs). However, PCBs concentration (20.8 ng l(-1)) exceeded the limit (14 ng l(-1)) suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The high ratio of p,p'-DDT/DDTs (0.80) in water suggested that DDTs had recently been discharged into the ambient environment despite a longtime ban in China. For fish and Pelodiscus sinensis, the accumulation patterns of OCPs and PCBs were different in muscle and liver. And HCB and PCB 153 were significant different in different species (p<0.05). PCBs were dominated by PCB 52 in zooplankton, but by PCB 138 and 153 in Pelodiscus sinensis. The highest food web magnification factor (FWMF) was 4.83 for p,p'-DDT and the second highest was 4.36 for PCB 101 in Gaobeidian Lake. As compared with the other studies, biomagnification in the present study was not obvious. Trophic levels and age were two important factors that might contribute to the bioaccumulation in the present study.     

Working mechanism and experimental study of dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool

ABSTRACT

As oil and gas production gradually shifts to deep and ultra-deep formations, the pressure and complexity of stratum is increased and drilling efficiency is decreased. Based on this, a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method that can realize the different depth, diameter, and rotate speed coupling using only hole-bottom power is proposed in this paper. And a Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling tool is designed, processed, and carried out to complete the field experiment. The tool is connected by a two-stage screw to make the rotate speed of a pilot bit higher than that of the reaming bit to increase the rate of penetration. And a concave bottom hole is formed so that the ground stress is released and the drillability of rock is lifted. Based on the introduction of the speed-up mechanism of the tool, the numerical analysis of the drilling performance of the tool with different diameter ratios and rotate-velocity combinations is completed. The experimental data showed that the Dual-diameter and bi-speed composite drilling method can obviously increase the rate of penetration and drilling efficiency, and also help to reduce the risk of stick-slip and prolong the service life of the drill bit.     

Improved overall water splitting for hydrogen production on aluminium-doped SrTiO3 photocatalyst via tuned surface band bending

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Future carbon neutrality and the energy crisis are calling for advanced methods to produce sustainable fuels such as hydrogen production by photocatalytic water...     

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ＮＤ１,ＮＤ２均能有效脱除活性艳蓝ＫＮ－Ｒ及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、ｐＨ值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。     

蒽醌染料及其中间体絮凝菌的特性

本文研究所分离到的真菌ＮＸ１对蒽醌染料ＫＮＲ及其中间体溴氨酸的作用,并考察营养条件、体系ＰＨ等对ＮＸ１的生长及絮凝作用的影响,结果表明,ＮＺ１及溴氨酸有很好的絮絮凝效果,对ＰＨ的适应范围广,最佳碳、氮源分别为蔗粮主尿素。     

燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫技术应用研究

通过对江汉油田现有锅炉及烟气治理状况的调查,分析找出存在的问题是：设备腐蚀严重及现有设备脱硫效率低。针对这种情况进行了新技术开发,克服现有装置的缺点。简述了技术原理及主要装置（喷雾脱硫塔与湿式除尘器）和工艺流程：吸收剂制备系统、烟气净化系统及废渣排出系统;对此技术的实验表明：外排烟气中烟尘浓度为１５２ｍｇ／ｍ３,ＳＯ２浓度为１４２ｍｇ／ｍ３,脱除效率分别达到９６．５９％和８０．０２％,达到预期效果     

Fe0-厌氧微生物体系处理活性艳红X-3B的试验研究

采用间歇式摇床试验,研究了葡萄糖共基质条件下Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中Fe0投加量、pH值、染料初始浓度对活性艳红X-3B模拟废水脱色率的影响,比较了Fe0-厌氧微生物、纯厌氧微生物及纯Fe03种体系中废水的脱色效果.结果表明:Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中初始浓度(50～500 mg/L)对活性艳红X-3B的脱色率影响不大;而Fe0投加量、pH值存在一个最佳范围;当Fe0投加量为260 mg/L,pH值为6.0,污泥浓度为0.35 g VSS/L,停留时间约为30 h时,体系中活性艳红X-3B的脱色率可达90%左右,比相同试验条件下纯Fe0、纯厌氧微生物体系达到此脱色率所需时间分别缩短了约1/2、7/10.在Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中,由紫外可见分光光度分析可推测活性艳红X-3B的脱色机理主要是其偶氮键发生断裂,生成苯胺和萘类物质,而且苯胺和萘类物质能得到进一步降解.     

黄河兰州段、白银段重金属污染的磁学指标初探

对黄河兰州段、白银段的水样及沉积物样进行了环境磁学研究,并对部分样品进行了重金属含量分析.结果表明,污水的输入对河水的磁化率产生影响,且磁化率变化因污染源而异;亚铁磁性矿物主导了沉积物的磁性特征.重金属含量与磁参数的相关性均不显著,但在黄河白银段东大沟以下河段,重金属含量与非磁滞剩磁(ARM)、ARM/SIRM(SIRM为饱和等温剩磁)、频率磁化率(Xfd%)等磁参数有同步增强趋势,可能与细磁性晶粒对重金属的吸附作用有关.综合分析磁参数与重金属含量变化发现,河水Xfd%和ARM/SIRM可作为衡量部分重金属污染程度的参数.     

混凝体系中铝盐水解行为及作用机制的研究与分析

采用Ferron逐时络合比色法对混凝体系中铝盐水解产物分布进行研究发现,铝盐在混凝体系发生水解反应获得的产物中Alb形态含量明显高于纯净水系,并且碱化度越低的铝盐,在适宜pH的混凝体系其水懈产物中Alb形态含量上升越快.而Alc形态含量变化不明显.提出混凝体系中铝盐水解反应的作用机制,指出HCO3-对H+浓度的良好控制是保证铝盐水解反应效率、获取高浓度Alb形态的关键.     

纳米CuO在染料中间体间氯甲苯工业废水处理中的应用

采用水热法合成纳米氧化铜,并对产物进行XRD和TEM分析。以纳米CuO为催化剂,高压汞灯为光源,对染料中间体间氯甲苯工业废水进行光催化降解。考察了CuO用量、pH值、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,通过正交实验确定了各因素对废水COD去除率影响的顺序是：光照时间〉溶液pH值〉CuO用量;得出最佳降解条件：CuO用量...