组合式垂直流人工湿地工艺及其污水处理效果

提出了一种组合式垂直流人工湿地处理工艺,并研究了其对生活污水的处理效果。在水力负荷100 mm/d的工况下,生活污水中有机物的去除主要集中在组合式垂直流人工湿地的第一级,其去除速率常数显著高于后面两级(P<0.05)。人工湿地系统对污水中化学耗氧量、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为90.1%、53.7%和43.7%,相应的去除速率常数分别为88.0、29.2和21.2。     

4种重金属离子对间接火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铝的干扰

空气-乙炔间接火焰原子吸收法是我国目前运用较多且易于推广的铝检测方法,研究了Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+和Ni2+4种离子对此法测定0.40 mg/L Al3+ 的干扰情况。得出如下结论:(1)在±5% 误差范围内,15.10 mg/L Mg2+、105.00 mg/L Ca2+、0.23 mg/L Zn2+、0.88 mg/L Ni2+对0.40 mg/L Al3+ 无干扰。(2)本方法虽然操作复杂,但成本较低、灵敏度高,检测的浓度范围宽、稳定性好,加标回收率为96%~99%,检出限为0.04 mg/L,适宜测定范围为0.05~100.00 mg/L,适用于饮用水、河水及地下水中Al3+ 的测定。     

降低防毒面具吸气阻力研究

呼吸阻力是防毒面具的一个重要性能指标，直接关系到面具使用的舒适性。在保证整体防护水平的同时，研究降低呼吸阻力，尤其是吸气阻力，是减轻从业人员佩带防毒面具生理负担的一个关键措施。     

Effects of phase separation on dewaterability promotion and heavy metal removal of sewage sludge during bioleaching

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bioleaching is of increasing interest because of its high efficiency in improving sludge dewaterability and removing heavy metals from sewage sludge....     

Effects of land use conversion and fertilization on CH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and N<Subscript>2</Subscript>O fluxes from typical hilly red soil

Land use conversion and fertilization have been widely reported to be important managements affecting the exchanges of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere. For comprehensive assessment of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes from hilly red soil induced by land use conversion and fertilization, a 14-month continuous field measurement was conducted on the newly converted citrus orchard plots with fertilization (OF) and without fertilization (ONF) and the conventional paddy plots with fertilization (PF) and without fertilization (PNF). Our results showed that land use conversion from paddy to orchard reduced the CH₄ fluxes at the expense of increasing the N₂O fluxes. Furthermore, fertilization significantly decreased the CH₄ fluxes from paddy soils in the second stage after conversion, but it failed to affect the CH₄ fluxes from orchard soils, whereas fertilizer applied to orchard and paddy increased soil N₂O emissions by 68 and 113.9 %, respectively. Thus, cumulative CH₄ emissions from the OF were 100 % lower, and N₂O emissions were 421 % higher than those from the PF. Although cumulative N₂O emissions were stimulated in the newly converted orchard, the strong reduction of CH₄ led to lower global warming potentials (GWPs) as compared to the paddy. Besides, fertilization in orchard increased GWPs but decreased GWPs of paddy soils. In addition, measurement of soil moisture, temperature, dissolved carbon contents (DOCs), and ammonia (NH₄ ⁺-N) and nitrate (NO₃ ^?-N) contents indicated a significant variation in soil properties and contributed to variations in soil CH₄ and N₂O fluxes. Results of this study suggest that land use conversion from paddy to orchard would benefit for reconciling greenhouse gas mitigation and citrus orchard cultivation would be a better agricultural system in the hilly red soils in terms of greenhouse gas emission. Moreover, selected fertilizer rate applied to paddy would lead to lower GWPs of CH₄ and N₂O. Nevertheless, more field measurements from newly converted orchard are highly needed to gain an insight into national and global accounting of CH₄ and N₂O emissions.     

Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure through vegetable consumption around a phosphorus chemical plant in the Kaiyang karst area,southwestern China

The phosphorus chemical industry is an important source of heavy metals in farmland. Vegetables grown on contaminated soil potentially impose adverse effects on human health. In this study, the pollution status and health risks of heavy metals in vegetables around a phosphorus chemical plant in Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China, were assessed, and the low-accumulation vegetables were screened by bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and cluster analysis. Results showed the average concentrations of Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, and Zn in vegetables were 0.015, 0.728 0.382, 0.227, 0.850, 27.227, 0.525, and 6.438 mg/kg, respectively. The single-factor pollution index showed that Cd was moderately polluted, and Cr, Hg, As, and Pb were slightly polluted. The Nemerow pollution index showed that the overall heavy metal pollution was classified as moderately polluted. The accumulation of heavy metals in different vegetables varied greatly, and chard, crown daisy, chayote, pumpkin, eggplant, white radish, sweet potato, carrot, and potato were selected as the low-accumulator vegetables. The consumption of all vegetables except chayote poses both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks; among them, the consumption of sweet potato leaves has the highest health risks. The local population needs to adjust plantation structure and change dietary habits, and government should strengthen the management of phosphorus chemical plant pollution.

     

Measuring technical efficiency associated with environmental investment: does market competition and risk matters in banking sector

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper investigates the impact of several comprehensive risks such as credit risk, capital risk, liquidity risk, and insolvency risks on Pakistani...     

水环境多环芳烃源解析研究进展

城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视.污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具.在查阋大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法.     

南京市大气气溶胶中颗粒物和正构烷烃特征及来源分析

于2002年夏季（7月）和冬季（12月）采集南京市5个功能区的大气气溶胶（PM2．5和PM10）样品，对两个季节不同功能区颗粒物及其颗粒物中正构烷烃的分布特征和污染来源进行了分析。结果表明，南京市大气颗粒物含量冬季高于夏季，细颗粒高于粗颗粒。正构烷烃的变化规律同颗粒物一致，且主要分布在细颗粒物上。根据各个功能区正构烷烃（C15-C32）的CPI（CPI1、CPI2和CPI3）结果，可知南京市大气气溶胶中正构烷烃由生物源和人为源共同排放产生。％waxCn的结果表明生物源对气溶胶中正构烷烃的贡献率为20％～43％，对南京市大气颗粒物的贡献率为1．66％～4．76％。     

模拟酸雨下H+-Ca2+在红壤表面的动力学特征

研究模拟酸雨下H Ca2 在红壤表面的反应动力学吸附特征 ,结果表明 :Ca2 的吸附动力学能很好地用一级动力学方程、抛物线扩散方程和Elovich方程 (R2 >0 97)拟合 .随溶液酸度的增加 ,Ca2 的最大吸附量显著降低 ,Ca2 吸附反应速率控制步骤是离子在颗粒内的扩散 ,扩散速率常数随酸度的增加而下降 .酸溶液pH值为 4 5和 5 6时 ,有H 的释放 ,H 的表观释放量能用一级动力学方程和扩散方程拟合 ,Elovich方程不宜拟合pH 5 6酸处理的动力学数据 ;酸溶液pH值为 3 5和 2 5时 ,有H 的消耗 ,H 消耗总量看作表观消耗量 ,用一级动力学方程、Elovich方程和扩散方程进行拟合 .比较相关系数和标准误差的大小 ,除pH值为 2 5的酸处理用扩散方程拟合结果较差外 ,这 3种动力学模型进行拟合均得到较满意的结果