致癌物苯并(a)芘[Benzo(a)Pyrene]对土壤--植物系统污染研究

本报告是1973—1979年研究工作的简要总结.采用野外调查、盆钵试验、放射性示踪同位素、荧光分光光度计、人工模拟控制大气污染实验与电镜扫描照相等方法,研究了在石油污水灌溉条件下,环境中致癌物苯并(a)芘(B(a)P)对水稻可食部分的影响.其结果是:①土壤表层(0—15cm)B(a)P含量在<10—500ppb范围内,污水与清水灌区栽培水稻精白米中B(a)P的含量无显著差异;②水稻各部分的B(a)P来自大气污染、水——土壤污染以及水稻本身生物合成.B(a)P在水稻体内的分配次序为:根系≥茎叶>皮壳≥籽实,水稻精白米中B(a)P含量约0.18ppb;③在自然条件下,水稻的外来B(a)P污染源主要是大气飘尘,而水——土壤是次要的.     

丁基锡化合物在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附行为研究

将海河河口表层底泥制成悬浮颗粒物（ＳＰＭ），采用批量平衡法首次研究了模拟河口条件下三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）和二丁基锡（ＤＢＴ）在该ＳＰＭ上的吸附行为．结果表明，ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ均能在ＳＰＭ上发生吸附，尤以ＴＢＴ更为显著．吸附速率可用Ｋｕｏ和Ｌａｋｅ的经验公式描述；吸附过程受ＳＰＭ的浓度及ＴＯＣ含量、ｐＨ值、温度、腐殖酸浓度和盐度影响．实际河口水样中的ＳＰＭ对ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ的吸附百分率也较高，因此ＳＰＭ是ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ归趋的重要场所，去除ＳＰＭ可使水体得到一定净化．     

重庆南山马尾松衰亡与土壤铝活化的关系

研究了重庆南山马尾松衰亡与铝中毒的关系.发现南山土壤中活性铝含量相当高,而活性钙含量很低,轻灾区和重灾区的Al/Ca比都已超过伤害植物的阈值.试验结果表明,铝活化是土壤严重酸化的后果.溶液培养试验结果表明,铝对马尾松幼苗生长有明显毒害作用,且毒性最大的形态是Al~(3+),铝中毒是南山酸雨危害马尾松的主要原因.     

油污土壤生物修复实验研究

为了有效预防和治理因石油开采、运输等造成的土壤污染,对大庆地区油污土壤进行了生物修复的实验研究,通过室内盆栽模拟实验,对芦苇和香蒲根际土壤的石油类污染物总含量、石油烃类组分浓度、非烃组分浓度进行了测定。结果表明,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物具有比较明显的降解作用,可以使被污染土壤中的某些油污成分逐渐被选择性消耗。实验还可看出,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物中正构烷烃的降解能力高于非正构烃。总体看,芦苇对石油类污染物的降解能力强于香蒲,但芦苇对非正构烃的降解能力略逊于香蒲。     

Effects of nitrogen application rate and a nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide on methanotroph abundance and methane uptake in a grazed pasture soil

Methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) in the soil are a unique group of methylotrophic bacteria that utilize methane (CH₄) as their sole source of carbon and energy which limit the flux of methane to the atmosphere from soils and consume atmospheric methane. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen application rates and the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on the abundance of methanotrophs and on methane flux in a grazed pasture soil. Nitrogen (N) was applied at four different rates, with urea applied at 50 and 100 kg N ha^?1 and animal urine at 300 and 600 kg N ha^?1. DCD was applied at 10 kg ha^?1. The results showed that both the DNA and selected mRNA copy numbers of the methanotroph pmoA gene were not affected by the application of urea, urine or DCD. The methanotroph DNA and mRNA pmoA gene copy numbers were low in this soil, below 7.13?×?10³ g^?1 soil and 3.75?×?10³ μg^?1 RNA, respectively. Daily CH₄ flux varied slightly among different treatments during the experimental period, ranging from ?12.89 g CH₄ ha^?1 day^?1 to ?0.83 g CH₄ ha^?1 day^?1, but no significant treatment effect was found. This study suggests that the application of urea fertilizer, animal urine returns and the use of the nitrification inhibitor DCD do not significantly affect soil methanotroph abundance or daily CH₄ fluxes in grazed grassland soils.     

High photocatalytic removal of NO gas over SnO2 nanoparticles under solar light

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) with a diameter less than 10&nbsp;nm are usually used in waste water treatment via the photocatalytic reaction. However,...     

"马房窝矿区环境污染事件"整顿见成果

2005年5月24日，国务院副总理曾培炎在四川省人民政府“关于广元市朝天区马房窝金矿污染问题调查情况的报告”上批示：环保总局要加强这方面典型经验的总结宣传，同时也要对执法不力的案件予以通报，促进各地环保工作依法有序进行。曾培炎的批示。是对广元市马房窝矿区整顿成果的充分肯定，同时也为历时半年、在全国产生重大影响的“马房窝矿区环境污染事件”的查处画上了一个阶段性的句号。[编者按]     

Development of Micropore Mufflers

Research on micropore mufflers was started in the middle of the 1970s. In this article we have summarized and systematized what has been done in the past 20 years. Some expressions, derivations, and calculation curves have been formally modified to make them easier to understand and apply. Some new considerations have been added. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the fundamentals, theories, and calculations that are useful for the design of a micropore muffler. Therefore, we have not included any experiments. Direct and indirect experimental proofs can be found in the given relevant references. Micropore mufflers are grouped into two classes, simple micropore mufflers and expansion micropore mufflers. The latter have additional noise reduction due to flow expansion. Noise reduction and flow are two important aspects that have been discussed in detail.     

改善环保疏浚底泥脱水干化效能的实验研究

采用以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为主要成分的复合脱水剂作为疏浚泥浆脱水剂(以下简称脱水剂),黄沙、炉渣、煤灰、石灰和粉煤灰分别作为疏浚底泥干化改良剂进行实验研究。结果表明,在脱水剂投加量为100 mg/L条件下,可以提高沉淀效率约20%;在投加脱水剂及5%石灰、粉煤灰、炉渣改良剂的条件下,底泥比阻值下降50%～70%;初期渗水速率提高6%～68%;与原泥相比,以黄沙、炉渣、煤灰为改良剂的底泥,经过4个月干化期后,承载力提高了30%～150%。本研究为疏浚底泥快速脱水干化提供了一种可行的技术途径。     

受体模型在大气颗粒物源解析中的应用和进展

综述用于大气颗粒物研究的受体模型在国内外的发展概况。对受体模型与扩散模型的特点,常用受体模型的技术内容,受体模型在城区尺度、区域尺度和全球尺度颗粒物源解析研究中的应用作了详细阐述。介绍了受体模型研究的一些热点问题,提出当前应开展的主要研究课题。