Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO2-deposited diatomites: Highly efficient absorbents for the removal of Cr(VI)

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO₂-deposited diatomites have been prepared using a hydrothermal method with Mn(Ac)₂, KMnO₄ and/or MnSO₄ as Mn source and diatomite as support. Physical properties of the materials were characterized by means of numerous analytical techniques, and their behaviors in the adsorption of chromium(VI) were evaluated. It is shown that the MnO₂-deposited diatomite samples with different morphologies possessed high surface areas and abundant surface hydroxyl groups (especially the wire-like MnO₂/diatomite sample). The wire-like MnO₂/diatomite sample showed the best performance in the removal of Cr(VI), giving the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g.     

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO2-deposited diatomites: Highly efficient absorbents for the removal of Cr(VI)

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO₂-deposited diatomites have been prepared using a hydrothermal method with Mn(Ac)₂, KMnO₄ and/or MnSO₄ as Mn source and diatomite as support. Physical properties of the materials were characterized by means of numerous analytical techniques, and their behaviors in the adsorption of chromium(VI) were evaluated. It is shown that the MnO₂-deposited diatomite samples with different morphologies possessed high surface areas and abundant surface hydroxyl groups (especially the wire-like MnO₂/diatomite sample). Thewire-like MnO₂/diatomite sample showed the best performance in the removal of Cr(VI), giving the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g.     

Toxic effects of perfluorononanoic acid on the development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a nine-carbon perfluoroalkyl acid widely used in industrial and domestic products. It is a persistent organic pollutant found in the environment as well as in the tissues of humans and wildlife. There is a concern that this chemical might be a developmental toxicant and teratogen in various ecosystems. In the present study, the toxic effects of PFNA were evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. One hour post-fertilization embryos were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 350, and 400 μmol/L PFNA for 96 hr in 6-well plates. Developmental phenotypes and hatching rates were observed and recorded. Nineteen genes related to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism were examined using Quantitative RT-PCR and confirmed by whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH). Results showed that PFNA delayed the development of zebrafish embryos, reduced the hatching rate, and caused ventricular edema and malformation of the spine. In addition, the amount of reactive oxygen species in the embryo bodies increased significantly after exposure to PFNA compared with that of the control group. The Quantitative RT-PCR and WISH experiments demonstrated that mRNA expression of the lfabp and ucp2 genes increased significantly while that of sod1 and mt-nd1 decreased significantly after PFNA exposure. The mRNA expression levels of gpx1 and mt-atp6 decreased significantly in the high concentration group. However, the mRNA expression levels of both ppara and pparg did not show any significant variation after exposure. These findings suggest that PFNA affected the development of zebrafish embryos at relatively low concentrations.     

关于污染场地治理修复的探讨

分析了污染场地管理面临的突出问题：中国在污染土壤管理的法律法规和标准不健全、公众对污染场地的关注度不高、中国污染场地修复技术框架和设施的研发尚不成熟,现有的技术支撑条件难以满足污染场地修复工作的需求。结合污染场地管理和场地风险评估、土地利用功能、场地修复技术,提出了场地修复管理急需开展的工作。指出破解污染场地管理和修复难题的关键是：健全土壤专项法律法规、优化土地空间用途、按照土壤反退化原则化解土壤环境风险、完善土壤治理修复技术框架。     

中国地表水环境质量标准监测体系现状研究及完善建议

中国地表水环境质量标准监测体系历经30余年,已初步形成一套基本成熟的地表水环境质量监测体系,但随着环境保护工作的不断推进和监测技术的进步,监测体系的诸多问题也凸显.结合中国《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）,对中国地表水水质的监测方法、技术、指标等方面进行了系统的归纳与分析,提出了相应的建议,即规范项目参数的描述、筛选优化控制项目、建立多层次、实用的控制指标监测方法体系、完善控制项目QC指标体系、制订专门地表水监测技术规范.     

北京平原区夏垫断裂的多源遥感影像特征

1679年9月2日三河—平谷8.0级地震在地表形成总体走向N40°~45°E,倾角60°~70°,长达10 km的破裂带。该文采用Landsat-8、SPOT-5、SAR、GDEM、Google Earth多源遥感影像研究夏垫断裂的遥感影像特征。利用ERDAS软件,对Landsat-8影像按7∶4∶2依次为R、G、B分量作彩色合成增强处理,突出影像的线性构造特征;对Landsat-8和SPOT-5影像、Landsat-8和SAR影像分别进行融合处理,丰富影像的光谱信息;对GDEM与SPOT影像进行三维叠加,突出影像的三维特征;对SAR影像进行斑点压缩、方向滤波处理,突出影像平行断裂方向的线性特征。文中分析、对比了Google Earth和SPOT-5影像上地震陡坎的特征,陡坎在SPOT-5影像上表现较明显,但在影像上表现不出较低陡坎,同时,在两种影像上容易将绿色植被、狭窄道路或其它地物误认为陡坎;SAR滤波后的影像表现出暗色的线性条带;Landsat-8和SAR融合后的影像表现出较宽的异常条带,该条带指示断裂带所在位置。     

北京平原区夏垫活动断裂滑动速率及古地震复发间隔

搜集了有关夏垫断裂钻孔测年数据,采用最小二乘法对数据进行拟合分析,拟合结果显示夏垫断裂滑动速率在地段和时段上均存在差异,且在时段上的差异更加明显。前20 ka以来滑动速率相对较小(0.13~0.30 mm/a);前26 ka~20 ka,滑动速率较大(1.38~2.56mm/a),约为前20 ka以来滑动速率的9~11倍。利用潘各庄探槽、东柳河屯探槽、齐心庄探槽、大胡庄探槽、地震联合钻孔剖面及钻孔资料判定除1679年三河-平谷8级地震外,前20 ka以来夏垫断裂还存在6次古地震事件,古地震平均复发间隔约为3 000 a。     

在役压力容器的动态检测技术与研究进展

根据笔者多年声发射检测与评价技术的研究成果并综合分析不同发展阶段的有关文献，论述了压力容器结构完整性检测与综合评估的意义，分析其合理性和难度，并对这种动态检测技术在评价压力容器结构完整性方面的研究进展作了较全面的评述     

浅论环境保护公众参与信息发布系统的构建

公众参与是环境保护工作一项重要内容。从中国实际情况来看，公众参与信息发布方式与手段已不能适应经济、社会发展的要求。本文主要介绍了基于应用信息网络技术改进公共服务，重组公共组织，提高公共参与的原理和涉及的相关技术。讨论了利用面向对象的分析和设计方法、分布式数据库技术、三层结构的网站建设技术、C／S和B／S网络技术结合移动通讯和网络接口技术的公众参与信息发布系统设计，探讨利用互联网及移动通讯技术实现公众便捷地参与对专项规划和建设项目环境影响评价的模式。