蒽醌染料及其中间体絮凝菌的特性

本文研究所分离到的真菌ＮＸ１对蒽醌染料ＫＮＲ及其中间体溴氨酸的作用,并考察营养条件、体系ＰＨ等对ＮＸ１的生长及絮凝作用的影响,结果表明,ＮＺ１及溴氨酸有很好的絮絮凝效果,对ＰＨ的适应范围广,最佳碳、氮源分别为蔗粮主尿素。     

燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫技术应用研究

通过对江汉油田现有锅炉及烟气治理状况的调查,分析找出存在的问题是：设备腐蚀严重及现有设备脱硫效率低。针对这种情况进行了新技术开发,克服现有装置的缺点。简述了技术原理及主要装置（喷雾脱硫塔与湿式除尘器）和工艺流程：吸收剂制备系统、烟气净化系统及废渣排出系统;对此技术的实验表明：外排烟气中烟尘浓度为１５２ｍｇ／ｍ３,ＳＯ２浓度为１４２ｍｇ／ｍ３,脱除效率分别达到９６．５９％和８０．０２％,达到预期效果     

Fe0-厌氧微生物体系处理活性艳红X-3B的试验研究

采用间歇式摇床试验,研究了葡萄糖共基质条件下Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中Fe0投加量、pH值、染料初始浓度对活性艳红X-3B模拟废水脱色率的影响,比较了Fe0-厌氧微生物、纯厌氧微生物及纯Fe03种体系中废水的脱色效果.结果表明:Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中初始浓度(50～500 mg/L)对活性艳红X-3B的脱色率影响不大;而Fe0投加量、pH值存在一个最佳范围;当Fe0投加量为260 mg/L,pH值为6.0,污泥浓度为0.35 g VSS/L,停留时间约为30 h时,体系中活性艳红X-3B的脱色率可达90%左右,比相同试验条件下纯Fe0、纯厌氧微生物体系达到此脱色率所需时间分别缩短了约1/2、7/10.在Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中,由紫外可见分光光度分析可推测活性艳红X-3B的脱色机理主要是其偶氮键发生断裂,生成苯胺和萘类物质,而且苯胺和萘类物质能得到进一步降解.     

黄河兰州段、白银段重金属污染的磁学指标初探

对黄河兰州段、白银段的水样及沉积物样进行了环境磁学研究,并对部分样品进行了重金属含量分析.结果表明,污水的输入对河水的磁化率产生影响,且磁化率变化因污染源而异;亚铁磁性矿物主导了沉积物的磁性特征.重金属含量与磁参数的相关性均不显著,但在黄河白银段东大沟以下河段,重金属含量与非磁滞剩磁(ARM)、ARM/SIRM(SIRM为饱和等温剩磁)、频率磁化率(Xfd%)等磁参数有同步增强趋势,可能与细磁性晶粒对重金属的吸附作用有关.综合分析磁参数与重金属含量变化发现,河水Xfd%和ARM/SIRM可作为衡量部分重金属污染程度的参数.     

混凝体系中铝盐水解行为及作用机制的研究与分析

采用Ferron逐时络合比色法对混凝体系中铝盐水解产物分布进行研究发现,铝盐在混凝体系发生水解反应获得的产物中Alb形态含量明显高于纯净水系,并且碱化度越低的铝盐,在适宜pH的混凝体系其水懈产物中Alb形态含量上升越快.而Alc形态含量变化不明显.提出混凝体系中铝盐水解反应的作用机制,指出HCO3-对H+浓度的良好控制是保证铝盐水解反应效率、获取高浓度Alb形态的关键.     

纳米CuO在染料中间体间氯甲苯工业废水处理中的应用

采用水热法合成纳米氧化铜,并对产物进行XRD和TEM分析。以纳米CuO为催化剂,高压汞灯为光源,对染料中间体间氯甲苯工业废水进行光催化降解。考察了CuO用量、pH值、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,通过正交实验确定了各因素对废水COD去除率影响的顺序是：光照时间〉溶液pH值〉CuO用量;得出最佳降解条件：CuO用量...     

对加强和改进高校德育教育工作的刍议——基于大学生道德修养状况调查结果的几点思考

本文通过对部分大学生道德修养状况调查资料的分析,说明当前大学生的道德修养状况整体上良好,但也存在一些问题,如在部分学生中出现了个人利己主义和享乐主义倾向,对于一些道德问题的看法,存在着认识上的误区。针对这些问题,本文初步探讨了如何加强和改进高校德育教育工作,包括坚持以人为本理念,增强德育教育工作主动性;着眼学生思想特点,增强德育教育工作针对性;抓好德育方法创新,增强德育教育工作科学性。     

The Forest‐Streamflow Relationship in China: A 40‐Year Retrospect1

Abstract: The relationship between forests and streamflows has long been an important research interest in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize progress and lessons learned from the forest‐streamflow studies over the past four decades in China. To better measure the research gaps between China and other parts of the world, a brief global review on the findings from paired watershed studies over the past 100 years was also provided. In China, forest management shifted in the later 1990s from timber harvesting to forest restoration. Forest‐streamflow research was accordingly changed from assessing harvesting impacts to evaluating both harvesting and forestation effects. Over the past four decades, Chinese forest hydrology research has grown substantially. Significant progress has been made on measuring individual processes, but little solid, long‐term data were available to assess the relationship between forest changes and streamflows because of an absence of standard paired watersheds. In addition, misuse of statistical analyses was often found in the literature. A unique opportunity exists in China to study the forestation effects on streamflow as several large‐scale forestation programs are being implemented. Such an opportunity should include a robust paired watershed design under an integrated watershed ecosystem framework to avoid repeating the lessons already learned. Recommendations on future forest‐streamflow research directions in China are provided.     

Source identification of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near to a Chinese MSWI plant through isomer-specific data analysis

Isomer-specific data were investigated in order to identify the sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in agricultural soils, including Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils, in the vicinity of a Chinese municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant. Homologue and isomer profiles of PCDD/Fs in soils were compared with those of potential sources, including combustion sources, i.e., MSWI flue gas and fly ash; and the impurities in agrochemicals, such as the pentachlorophenol (PCP), sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) and 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) benzene (CNP). The results showed that the PCDD/F isomer profiles of combustion sources and agricultural soils were very similar, especially for PCDFs, although their homologue profiles varied, indicating that all the isomers within each homologue behave identically in the air and soil. Moreover, factor analysis of the isomer compositions among 33 soil samples revealed that the contamination of PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils near the MSWI plant were primarily influenced by the combustion sources, followed by the PCP/PCP-Na and CNP sources. This implication is consistent with our previous findings based on chemometric analysis of homologue profiles of soil and flue gas samples, and identifies PCP/PCP-Na as an additional important source of PCDD/Fs in the local area. This makes the similarities and differences of isomer profiles between Fluvo-aquic and paddy soils more explainable. It is, therefore, advisable to use isomer-specific data for PCDD/F source identifications where possible.     

Calculation and decomposition of regional household energy consumption in China: based on perspectives of urbanization and residents’ consumption

Demographic urbanization caused great changes in scale of residents’ consumption and residents’ lifestyle and then impacted changes of regional household energy consumption. This paper expanded Logarithmic Mean Decomposition Index method through introducing variables of urbanization and residential consumption into the model. It also analyzed the influences of six factors as energy structure, energy intensity, population scale, urbanization, residential consumption, and consumption inhibit on regional household energy consumption. Results showed that in 2003–2012, impact of urbanization on regional household energy consumption of Chinese three areas was significantly higher than population size. The “population gathered in eastern region” phenomenon caused eastern region getting the largest population scale effect. Driving force of residential consumption on regional household energy consumption was much higher than the other five effects. Due to the comparative advantage of residential consumption compared with government consumption, investment, and net export, the decrease of consumption ratio promoted the growth of regional household energy consumption. Energy intensity in Chinese three regions kept reducing in 2003–2012. The progress of energy utilization technology slowed the growth of regional household energy consumption, and energy intensity effect was most significant in the central region.