水泥行业全过程环境管理的主要问题及对策建议

水泥行业为大气污染物排放的主要行业,经过多年的发展,已建立了完整的环境管理技术体系。通过梳理水泥行业环境影响评价、排污许可、执法等环境管理制度的要求,指出水泥行业全过程环境管理中存在环评和排污许可两个名录的分类管理要求不一致、环评文件与许可证内容没有完全衔接、环境监管执法与排污许可互动不足、多套污染物排放量数据导致“多本账”等问题,并提出了统一环评和排污许可两个名录、创新环评与排污许可衔接方式、完善排污许可证后监管政策与标准体系和统一排放量核算等建议。     

Use of Remote-Trip Cameras for Wildlife Surveys and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Conservation Activities at a Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province,China

Monitoring the effectiveness of management activities within reserves is always a complicated task. When the focus of management activities is mammals, it is difficult to monitor their populations in a way that is rapid, effective, and inexpensive. We report on a mammal survey of a reserve in southwest China using remote-trip cameras. We surveyed 329 locations over 2 field seasons in 2002 and 2003. Sixteen species of mammals were detected with these cameras, with four species documented for the first time. After accounting for variation due to slope, aspect, elevation, and habitat type, the distribution of six species was positively associated with the location of conservation stations and/or patrolling routes. Species of medium-sized mammals are excellent candidates for monitoring programs based on these cameras, due to their relative abundance, sufficient size to be detected by the camera units, and sensitivity to human activity. The distribution of mammals relative to management efforts is a relatively rapid means to assess reserve effectiveness. The repeat use of the cameras as part of a monitoring plan should provide a quantifiable measure of reserve effectiveness.     

青藏高原水资源及其开发利用

在分析计算青藏高原水资源量的基础上，评价了青藏高原水资源开发利用的水源、自然和社会经济条件及开发利用效益，并分别对不同的水资源开发利用区提出了见解。     

Degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton methods.

This study describes the degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton. Using indole as a model nitrogen-heterocyclic compound, the removal of indole reached 68% and 97% by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton, respectively, while the decay of TOC was 15% and 38% correspondingly. By the analysis of ultraviolet-visible spectra and liquid chromatography/mass spectrum, the degradation mechanism of indole by electro-Fenton was proposed as hydroxyl oxidation and anodic oxidation. The degradation of other NHCs including quinoline, isoquinoline and pyridine by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton revealed the same sequence: quinoline approximately equal isoquinoline > indole > pyridine. A significant correlation between ln k (natural logarithm of rate constants) and E(LUMO) (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit) was obtained by quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. Degradation of coking plant wastewater showed the removal of COD and TOC were 42% and 22% respectively after 180 min treatment by electro-Fenton.     

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of quinoline-contaminated soils

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to examine the ability of enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation to efficiently remove quinoline from contaminated kaolinite soils. In order to accomplish this, the effect of a voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration on migration of quinoline in kaolinite was determined. The results showed that EK transport process effectively stimulated desorption and movement of quinoline in kaolinite. The rate and distance of migration rose with increasing voltage gradient and anode buffer concentration under certain conditions. The mechanisms that drive quinoline migration by electrodynamic processes were established as attributed to either electromigration or electroosmosis, and both played key roles in driving quinoline to migrate towards the cathode.     

二氧化氯泡沫分离法处理水合肼类废液

采用二氧化氯泡沫分离装置,研究了二氧化氯泡沫分离法对水合肼类废液的处理效果.通过实验重点考察了废水pH值、二氧化氯投加量和反应时间等参数对废水处理效果的影响.在最佳反应条件(即pH值为10,每升废水中二氧化氯的投加量为5 mg/1 000 COD、反应时间为3 h)下进行反应,原废液(COD值为30 000～35 000 mg/L,氨氮总量为2 500～2 700 mg/L)经处理后COD去除率达到99%,氨氮去除率达到96%以上.     

高压电晕放电对五氯酚的降解研究

研究了放电电压、溶液pH等因素对高压电晕放电降解PCP效果的影响,并对高压电晕放电处理PCP的动力学进行了初步探讨,同时对高压电晕放电降解PCP的COD和TOC的变化进行了分析。结果表明:放电电压和溶液pH值对PCP降解性能影响很大,放电电压和溶液pH值越高,PCP的降解速度越快。当溶液pH值为11.2、PCP初始质量浓度40 mg/L、电晕放电电压为25 kV时,经30 min电晕放电,PCP的降解率达90%以上,电晕放电降解PCP的反应符合一级反应动力学。在氧化过程中PCP可能转化为苯醌等中间产物,TOC几乎无变化,PCP分解成的小分子有机物使COD升高,可生化性提高。     

漆酶介体系统对蒽与苯酚共存体系的降解研究

以2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)为介体,研究了漆酶/ABTS介体系统对蒽与苯酚共存体系的降解效果,并考察了不同苯酚浓度对共存体系中蒽降解效果的影响。同时,分析了漆酶/ABTS介体系统对共存体系的作用机理。结果表明,苯酚的引入会抑制蒽的去除,且随着苯酚浓度的增大,蒽降解被抑制地更明显,而蒽对苯酚的降解影响可以忽略不计;蒽体系和蒽与苯酚共存体系中蒽的氧化降解过程均符合一级动力学规律。     

Studies on the Glycolysis Behavior of Polyurethane Fiber Waste with Diethylene Glycol

Glycolysis behavior of polyurethane fiber waste with diethylene glycol (DEG) was studied. The glycolysis products were separated into two phases, white waxy material and brown liquid via freezing process. The white waxy material was characterized by Flourier Transform Infrared spectrometer. It has been proved that the glycolysis process of the fiber waste is affected by the reaction temperature and time. The glycolysis kinetics was investigated by reacting the waste in a twin-screw-Micro Compounder. A second-order kinetic model for the glycolysis was adopted, and the experiment data fit it quite well. The rate constants and the activation energy of glycolysis process were calculated.     

基于PSTN网的火灾安全区域网络监控系统

随着自动电子消防报警系统的广泛使用,将现行的消防电子报警作为子系统,对其运行状况的自动统一监控和管理变得愈来愈重要。针对这种情况,笔者提出了构建区域火灾网络监控系统的新思路。即以ＰＳＴＮ（公用交换电话网）为信息传输途径,利用计算机及ＭＯＤＥＭ 卡,配合自动检测软件和通信接口技术与方法, 实现自动电子消防报警系统运行状况的监控和自动接收系统报警信号。该系统的实现,将大大提高现行消防电子报警系统的管理水平,降低火灾给人类造成的危害