金沙江下游水质现状调查及研究

对金沙江下游水质现状监测分析表明，巧家至宜宾河段水质日趋恶化，污染物增长明显，主要污染物为总磷、铅、矿物油和氨氮，在考虑合理开发利用水资源时，应把控制下游污染作为重点内容。     

无菌水葫芦的降酚和耐酚性能的研究

干重为0.2～0.3g的无菌水葫芦在各种酚浓度中(10、100、150、200、360、800μg/ml)的5日降解率可达20％～40％,即使在高浓度中植株很快死亡,但仍有降解能力;一定时间内的吸酚量随初始浓度不同而不同,有一定正相关;干重为0.2～0.3g的无菌水葫芦耐酚阈值为100～150μg/ml,高出此浓度植株很快死亡。     

ZIC—ⅡA型离子色谱法同时测定地面水中阴离子

单柱离子色谱法同时测定地面水中Ｆ＾－、ｃｌ＾－，ＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ、ＰＯ＾３－４、ＳＯ＾－２４阴离子。以０．３Ｍ碳酸氢钾、０．２４Ｍ碳酸钠缓冲液为淋洗液，在ＰＨ＝４．０。流速为２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的条件下，测得各阴离子检出限，线性回归方程及相关系，方法的精密度和准确度。     

环境污染源信息管理系统的开发

污染源数据是重要的基础环境数据。为了配合全国污染源普查,全面掌握环境污染现状,提高对污染源数据的管理效率,利用Visual Basic和Microsoft Acess数据库相结合的技术,开发了环境污染源信息管理系统。进行了管理系统和数据库的总体设计、结构构建和操作界面设计。根据用户需求,利用Vb控件和SQL语句设计了六大功能模块,实现了对污染数据进行编辑、浏览、查询、统计分析和打印输出等功能。为企业制定节能减排的环保决策提供有力的技术支持。     

渔塘坝微地域高Se环境中土壤Se的分布规律及其影响因素

选取迄今世界上唯一发生过人群Ｓｅ中毒的湖北恩施双河乡渔塘坝为研究区,在渔塘坝０．０１ｋｍ＾２的微地域内,土壤Ｓｅ的分布存在着显著的不均一性,控制渔坝土壤Ｓｅ分布的３个主要因素是地形,土壤粒度和成土母质的含Ｓｅ量及出露情况,其中地形是最重要的控制因素。土壤Ｓｅ的分布规律表明,在表生的中强化学风化环境Ｓｅ是一种极为活泼的元素,易于积累Ｓｅ的负地形是最易于Ｓｅ中毒发性的地貌位置。     

化学沉淀法预处理稀土精矿分解废水

采用化学沉淀法对稀土精矿分解废水进行预处理,实验结果表明,当pH9.0、n(M g2 )∶n(NH 4)∶n(PO34-)=3.5∶1∶1.5时,废水中NH3-N的质量浓度由8 370m g/L降为1 420m g/L,去除率为83%。为了不增加出水中PO34-污染物的浓度,向上层清液中加入相应量的CaC l2.2H2O。当n(Ca2 )∶n(PO34-)=9∶1时,完成沉淀反应,再调整上层清液的pH为10,搅拌后,上层清液中PO34-的质量浓度降为0.18m g/L。     

不同基质体系中白腐菌对喹啉和吲哚的降解

采用单基质及混合基质体系,探讨了白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatusBP对氮杂环化合物的降解规律．结果表明,在弱酸性环境下,白腐菌能有效降解喹啉和吲哚．单基质体系中,喹啉的降解率15d内能达到89．48％,98．17％的吲哚6d内被降解;混合基质体系中,基质（喹啉、吡啶、苯酚及氨氮）的加入能促进白腐菌对吲哚的降解,但（吲哚、吡啶、苯酚及氨氮）却抑制了白腐菌对喹啉的降解．不同基质体系中,白腐菌对喹啉和吲哚的降解分别遵循零级和一级反应动力学．相对单基质而言,混合基质的存在对白腐菌生物学特性产生明显影响,可缩短生长周期,提高生长速率和漆酶活性．漆酶存吲哚的降解中起着重要的作用,但不能完全决定喹啉的降解．图5表2参14     

Effectiveness of management zoning designed for flagship species in protecting sympatric species

Flagship species have been used widely as umbrella species (i.e., species with large home range whose protection often provides protection for sympatric species) in the management of China's nature reserves. This conflation of flagship and umbrella species is best represented by the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and other large, endangered mammals designated as conservation targets in site selection and planning of reserves. Few empirical studies have tested the effectiveness of flagship species as surrogates for a broader range of sympatric species. Using extensive camera-trap data, we examined the effectiveness of management zones designated to protect flagship (target) species in conserving sympatric species in 4 wildlife reserves (Gutianshan, Changqing, Laohegou, and Wolong). We tested whether the progression from peripheral to core zones was associated with an increasing habitat association for both target and sympatric species. The distribution patterns of the study species across the zones in each reserve indicated a disparity between management zones and the species’ habitat requirements. Management zone was included in the final model for all target species, and most of them had higher occurrence in core zones relative to less-protected zones, but zone was not a predictor for most of the sympatric species. When management zone was associated with the occurrence of sympatric species, threatened species generally had higher detections in core zones, whereas common species had higher detections outside of the core zone. Our results suggested that reserve planning based on flagship species does not adequately protect sympatric species due to their specialized habitat requirements. We recommend re-examining the effectiveness of management zoning and urge a multispecies and reserve-wide monitoring plan to improve protection of China's wildlife.     

聚乙烯醇固定化微生物载体的制备及其对氨氮废水的处理研究

以聚乙烯醇、硼酸、丙三醇、海藻酸钠、戊二醛、碳酸钙为原料制备固定化微生物载体,然后将硝化细菌固定到载体上,用于对水体氨氮的处理。探讨了戊二醛的加入对载体的水溶膨胀性、含水量、化学稳定性、固定化微生物活性的影响;研究了固定化微生物对氨氮去除效果。结果表明,当戊二醛的质量分数为0.3%时,载体的含水量、化学稳定性、固定化微生物活性较好;所制备得到的固定化微生物载体可以较好地固定硝化细菌,对氨氮废水具有较好的处理能力。     

凯氏氮和底泥总氮的简易测定法

探讨了以简易的消化方法，蒸馏设备和最小蒸馏体积来准确测定水体中凯氏氮，亦可用于测定底泥中总氮。