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51.
Yoram Krozer Sharon Hophmayer-Tokich Hans van Meerendonk Simon Tijsma Eric Vos 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(5):439-446
Innovations in water chain are discussed based on experiences in the Netherlands. The available and new technological options, as well as their dissemination in the Netherlands, are presented for the prevailing system with add-on technologies (elongation), and for the emerging separation system with technologies at the source. Numerous new options are available for both systems but these options are rarely used. The low use is explained using economic theories and with practical examples from the Netherlands. In order to foster innovations, the mainstream, evolutionary, and behavioral theories pinpoint respectively the pricing of common goods, broad support of concerted action, and support for innovators’ entry. These actions may all be needed. Experiences with a stakeholder cluster in water management suggest that markets for high value water use invoke innovations and low-cost technology adaptations. The systematic development of services that foster high value water-based activities is recommended. 相似文献
52.
Mathieu Sicard Frédéric Chevalier Mickaël De Vlechouver Didier Bouchon Pierre Grève Christine Braquart-Varnier 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(9):819-826
Ecological factors modulate animal immunocompetence and potentially shape the evolution of their immune systems. Not only
environmental parameters impact on immunocompetence: Aging is one major cause of variability of immunocompetence between individuals,
and sex-specific levels of immunocompetence have also been frequently described. Moreover, a growing core of data put in light
that vertically transmitted symbionts can dramatically modulate the immunocompetence of their hosts. In this study, we addressed
the influence of gender, age and the feminising endosymbiont Wolbachia (wVulC) on variations in haemocyte density, total PO activity and bacterial load in the haemolymph of the terrestrial isopod
Armadillidium vulgare. This host–symbiont system is of particular interest to address this question since: (1) wVulC was previously shown as immunosuppressive in middle-aged females and (2) wVulC influences sex determination. We show that age, gender and Wolbachia modulate together immune parameters in A. vulgare. However, wVulC, which interacts with aging, appears to be the prominent factor interfering with both PO activity and haemocyte density.
This interference with immune parameters is not the only aspect of wVulC virulence on its host, as reproduction and survival are also altered. 相似文献
53.
Zandra C. Deans Anil Biricik Martine De Rycke Gary L. Harton Miroslav Hornak Farrah Khawaja Céline Moutou Jan Traeger-Synodinos Pamela Renwick 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(4):506-515
Objective
Genomics Quality Assessment has provided external quality assessments (EQAs) for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for 12 years for eight monogenic diseases to identify sub-optimal PGT strategies, testing and reporting of results, which can be shared with the genomics community to aid optimised standards of PGT services for couples.Method
The EQAs were provided in two stages to mimic end-to-end protocols. Stage 1 involved DNA feasibility testing of a couple undergoing PGT and affected proband. Participants were required to report genotyping results and outline their embryo testing strategy. Lymphoblasts were distributed for mock embryo testing for stage 2. Submitted clinical reports and haplotyping results were assessed against peer-ratified criteria. Performance was monitored to identify poor performance.Results
The most common testing methodology was short tandem repeat linkage analysis (59%); however, the adoption of single nucleotide polymorphism-based platforms was observed and a move from blastomere to trophectoderm testing. There was a variation in testing strategies, assigning marker informativity and understanding test limitations, some clinically unsafe. Critical errors were reported for genotyping and interpretation.Conclusion
EQA provides an overview of the standard of preimplantation genetic testing-M clinical testing and identifies areas of improvement for accurate detection of high-risk embryos. 相似文献54.
上海市大气颗粒物高浓度区污染物的源解析 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
应用受体模式的化学质量平衡法支9个监测点的大气颗粒物进行污染源的源解析,得出这9个监测点的各类污染源平均贡献率为建筑尘占32.1%,土壤尘占27.5%,钢铁尘占24.9%,燃煤尘占14.8%,汽车尘和燃油尘分别占0.2%和0.4%。 相似文献
55.
Antonella?De?DonnoEmail author Tiziana?Grassi Francesco?Bagordo Adele?Idolo Francesca?Serio Giovanni?Gabutti 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(2):81-88
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that shellfish can be used to detect enteric viruses in marine waters where they
are present at very low concentrations. Aqua-cultured mussels were placed in the sea just off the mouth of a drainage channel
affected by human and animal faecal contamination. Samples were taken from the channel, the sea and the mussels at intervals
over two 4-week periods. The samples were tested to verify the presence of both rotaviruses and E. coli. Rotaviruses were detected by Real Time-PCR, typed by multiplex PCR and subsequently sequenced. E. coli was enumerated in water matrices by a filtering method and in mussels by the MPN method. The presence of E. coli in the examined matrices demonstrates contamination of faecal origin throughout the studied environments. Rotaviruses were
recorded in channel waters, but not in sea water. In both experiments, rotaviruses were detected in mussels 21 and 28 days
after being placed in the sea water off the channel mouth. The use of mussels thus enabled the detection of rotaviruses in
waters where the high dilution rendered direct investigation impossible. This study indicates that mussels can be used in
marine virological surveillance programs. 相似文献
56.
Simon?BrinerEmail author Michael?Hartmann Robert?Finger Bernard?Lehmann 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(4):337-355
We assessed the economic suitability of 4 greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options and one GHG offset option for an improvement
of the GHG balance of a representative Swiss suckler cow farm housing 35 Livestock units and cultivating 25 ha grassland.
GHG emissions per kilogram meat in the economic optimum differ between the production systems and range from 18 to 21.9 kg
CO2-eq./kg meat. Only GHG offset by agroforestry systems showed the potential to significantly reduce these emissions. Depending
on the production system agroforestry systems could reduce net GHG emissions by 66% to 7.3 kg CO2-eq./kg meat in the most intensive system and by 100% in the most extensive system. In this calculation a carbon sequestration
rate of 8 t CO2/ha/year was assumed. The potential of a combination of the addition of lipids to the diet, a cover of the slurry tank and
the application of nitrification inhibitors only had the potential to reduce GHG emissions by 12% thereby marginal abatement
costs are increasing much faster than for agroforestry systems. A reduction of the GHG emissions to 7.5 kg CO2-eq./kg meat—possible with agroforestry only—raised costs between 0.03 CHF/kg meat and 0.38 CHF/kg meat depending on the production
system and the state of the system before the reduction. If GHG emissions were reduced maximally average costs ranged between
0.37 CHF/kg meat, if agroforestry had the potential to reduce net GHG emissions to 0 kg CO2-eq., to 1.17 CHF/kg meat if also other options had to be applied. 相似文献
57.
Steven De Gryze Juhwan LeeStephen Ogle Keith PaustianJohan Six 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):150-158
We predicted changes in yields and direct net soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from converting conventional to alternative management practices across one of the world's most productive agricultural regions, the Central Valley of California, using the DAYCENT model. Alternative practices included conservation tillage, winter cover cropping, manure application, a 25% reduction in N fertilizer input and combinations of these. Alternative practices were evaluated for all unique combinations of crop rotation, climate, and soil types for the period 1997-2006. The crops included were alfalfa, corn, cotton, melon, safflower, sunflower, tomato, and wheat. Our predictions indicate that, adopting alternative management practices would decrease yields up to 5%. Changes in modeled SOC and net soil GHG fluxes corresponded to values reported in the literature. Average potential reductions of net soil GHG fluxes with alternative practices ranged from −0.7 to −3.3 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 in the Sacramento Valley and −0.5 to −2.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 for the San Joaquin Valley. While adopting a single alternative practice led to modest net soil GHG flux reductions (on average −1 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1), combining two or more of these practices led to greater decreases in net soil GHG fluxes of up to −3 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1. At the regional scale, the combination of winter cover cropping with manure application was particularly efficient in reducing GHG emissions. However, GHG mitigation potentials were mostly non-permanent because 60-80% of the decreases in net soil GHG fluxes were attributed to increases in SOC, except for the reduced fertilizer input practice, where reductions were mainly attributed to decreased N2O emissions. In conclusion, there are long-term GHG mitigation potentials within agriculture, but spatial and temporal aggregation will be necessary to reduce uncertainties around GHG emission reductions and the delivery risk of the associated C credits. 相似文献
58.
Today and in the Tertiary, the geographical distribution of castorids is limited throughout all of the northern continents.
Fossils of the Castoridae genus Steneofiber are abundant in many localities of Eurasia from the late Oligocene to Pliocene period. Recently, Steneofiber fossils were discovered in two localities of northern Thailand, Mae Moh and Chiang Muan coal mines, in layers of late middle
Miocene age. These discoveries represent the first records of castorids from Southeast Asia and correspond to their southernmost
known range. The focus of this study is to describe this new Thai species of Steneofiber and to define its wear stages from the molar occlusal surfaces by using micro-CT scan analysis. The CT scan technique permits
the analysis of the virtual occlusal surface changes from wear, allowing easier comparison to related species of Steneofiber cheek teeth without destroying the teeth. The new species, Steneofiber siamensis n. sp., can be distinguished from the other species of Steneofiber by several distinct characters, longer mesostriid on p4, presence of premesostria and metastria on P4, which are smaller
than most of the other known species. The occurrence of this new castorid also supports a subtropical to tropical paleoclimate
for these two localities of northern Thailand. 相似文献
59.
60.