The Chinese western development initiative: new opportunities for mineral investment

The Western Development Initiative (WDI), launched in 2000 by the Chinese Government, will greatly change the modes and improve the quality of life of the 355 million people living in the western region of China. This paper presents a panoramic picture of the mineral industries under the framework of the WDI. First, it gives an overview of the WDI, including a summary of the favorable and unfavorable conditions for the WDI, the objectives, priorities and key geographical areas for the WDI and the national policies and measures for implementing the WDI. Second, it describes the roles of the mineral industries in the WDI. Finally, it details the policies and actions of the Chinese Government on the exploration and development of mineral resources in the western region in support of the WDI.     

太原市2010年生态足迹计算与分析

利用生态足迹的计算模型和分析方法,对山西省太原市2010年的生态足迹和生态承载力进行了研究和分析.结果表明,太原市人均生态足迹需求为6.0139hm2,人均生态承载力为0.394hm2,出现了5.619hm2的人均生态赤字,表明太原市面临的生态压力较大.在此基础上,提出了缓减太原市生态压力的若干建议.     

涂层/金属体系腐蚀试验方法研究发展现状

对涂层/金属体系进行腐蚀试验是考察其耐腐蚀性能的方法之一。本文对现有主要的涂层/金属体系腐蚀试验方法进行了归纳,并总结了加速腐蚀试验方案制定的一般原则,最后指出了各腐蚀试验方法的发展方向。     

磷酸盐类化合物重金属稳定化的机理与应用

磷酸盐类化合物作为典型的重金属稳定化药剂,能够有效降低污染体系中重金属类污染物的毒性及生物危害性,稳定后的产物具有很高的地球化学稳定性。介绍了磷酸盐类化合物重金属稳定化的机理及实际应用,并认为:①磷酸盐类化合物可在一定的pH条件下与重金属反应并生成稳定的重金属矿物盐;②磷酸类矿物盐对它们的去除主要是表面吸附机理和络合反应;③某些金属阳离子可与羟基磷灰石晶格中的钙离子发生交换反应而进入晶格,形成含重金属的羟基磷灰石。磷酸盐类药剂在浙江省某矿山进行应用,对场地堆置中和渣进行了稳定化处理,重金属浸出结果满足《国家危险废物鉴别标准》(GB 5085.3—2007)。     

防弹衣舒适性能改善设计

本文通过对防弹衣的改进研究,探讨了利用经编间隔织物对防弹装备舒适性提高的可行性。用经编间隔织物代替传统防弹衣里料（平纹机织布）,并制成成衣。通过红外热成像仪分别测试以经编间隔织物为里料的防弹衣的热湿传导性、透气散热性来探讨经编间隔织物对防弹衣的舒适性能的影响。实验结果表明：在相同测试条件下,以经编间隔织物为里料的防弹衣的热湿传导性能良好,透气散热性优于传统防弹衣1℃左右。因此经编间隔织物对提高防弹衣的舒适性能具有推动作用。本课题的研究意义在于为警用防弹衣的舒适性能提供理论参考,为警察或军队的作战能力提高做出更大的贡献。     

辽宁的地质灾害

本文系统介绍了辽宁的地震、泥石流、滑坡和塌陷等地质灾害,并对城市地质灾害作了专门的论述。归结起来,辽宁的地质灾害有分布面广、类型多、灾害频繁和破环性大等特点。     

Fast and Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of l-Lactide Initiated with In-situ–Generated Calcium Alkoxides

The ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide with calcium alkoxides generated in-situ from bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] and 2-propanol are presented. The polymerization in THF at room temperature proceeds rapidly and in a living manner, giving poly(l-lactide)s of controlled molecular weight, low polydispersity, and tailored end-functionalities. Kinetic studies show the absence of an induction period and a pseudo-first order rate constant of 6.41 L mol^–1 min^–1, which is significantly higher than for related Y₅(-O)(O ⁱ Pr)_13– or aluminum alkoxide-initiated polymerizations. The initiation involves a two-step process: (1) alcoholysis of bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] to give the corresponding calcium alkoxide and (2) ring-opening of l-lactide via acyl-oxygen cleavage and insertion into the calcium-alkoxide bond. In the presence of excess alcohol, fast and reversible exchange between free alcohol molecules and coordinated alkoxide ligands takes place. This allows tuning of the poly(l-lactide) molecular weight over a wide range.     

高密度电阻率法在排石场稳定性评价中的应用

简述了高密度电阻率法的工作原理。在将高密度电阻率法实际应用于排石场的稳定性评价中时,根据各种装置的特点和T、λ参数对高低电阻率的表征特性,进行了多装置及多参数的探测。通过对各二维反演视电阻率成果图的综合对比和解释,划分出了存在地质隐患的区段。经钻孔验证,效果很好。结果表明通过高密度电阻率法多装置、多参数勘探,可以确定地下介质的电阻率及其电阻率特征,进而对排石场的稳定性做出评价,对同类地质情况的监测、预警,也是行之有效的。     

驱排剂解堵工艺的研究与应用

吐哈温米油田属于低孔、低渗、低产能油藏,原油含蜡量、沥青质较高,油井的近井地带结垢严重。文章介绍了驱排剂的解堵作用原理、酸化工作液配方、驱排剂解堵工艺技术和现场应用效果。研究结果表明,驱排剂解堵工艺技术对解除油井的堵塞具有良好的效果,对提高油井的产液能力有重要作用,同时又是低渗透油田增产的一种新工艺。从2004年7月份开始,温米油田利用驱排剂解堵后油井平均单井日增油量3.0t,日增液量21.0t,动液面平均上升400.00m,平均单井有效生产期为90天以上。     

Oxidative remobilization of biogenic uranium(IV) precipitates: effects of iron(II) and pH

The oxidative remobilization of uranium from biogenic U(IV) precipitates was investigated in bioreduced sediment suspensions in contact with atmospheric O2 with an emphasis on the influence of Fe(II) and pH on the rate and extent of U release from the solid to the aqueous phase. The sediment was collected from the U.S. Department of Energy Field Research Center (FRC) site at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Biogenic U(IV) precipitates and bioreduced sediment were generated through anaerobic incubation with a dissimilatory metal reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32. The oxidative remobilization of freshly prepared and 1-yr aged biogenic U(IV) was conducted in 0.1 mol/L NaNO3 electrolyte with variable pH and Fe(II) concentrations. Biogenic U(IV)O2(s) was released into the aqueous phase with the highest rate and extent at pH 4 and 9, while the U remobilization was the lowest at circumneutral pH. Increasing Fe(II) significantly decreased U remobilization to the aqueous phase. From 70 to 100% of the U in the sediments used in all the tests was extractable at the experiment termination (41 d) with a bicarbonate solution (0.2 mol/L), indicating that biogenic U(IV) was oxidized regardless of Fe(II) concentration and pH. Sorption experiments and modeling calculations indicated that the inhibitive effect of Fe(II) on U(IV) oxidative remobilization was consistent with the Fe(III) oxide precipitation and U(VI) sorption to this secondary phase.