Ni/Fe/Al2O3·PVDF催化还原剂的表征及制备过程优化

在PVDF基体改性的基础上,采用浸渍法制备出Ni/Fe/Al₂O₃·PVDF催化还原剂。通过对一氯乙酸的脱氯效果研究,对交联液配比及交联时间、不同浓度硫酸镍浸渍时间、镍铁比等因素进行优化,实验优化结果表明,Ni/Fe/Al₂O₃·PVDF催化还原剂对一氯乙酸脱氯60 min脱氯率达到64%。经SEM表征,制备出的双金属在膜载体表面及断面分布均匀,呈球状和片状结构且双金属未发生团聚。     

两级混合稳定表流湿地处理生活污水

为了提高一级稳定表流湿地(stable surface flow wetland,SSFW)的出水水质,在单级稳定表流湿地后串联一级潜流人工湿地,构成两级混合稳定表流湿地(two steps hybrid stable surface flow wetland,TSHSSFW),研究气候变化对其净化效果的影响,并同一级潜流人工湿地(one step subsurface flow wetland,OSSFW)进行对比。研究表明,气候变化对TSHSSFW的COD和总磷去除率影响较小,去除率均在80%左右;而对氨氮和总氮的去除率影响比较大,夏季TSHSSFW的氨氮和总氮去除率分别为87.77%和77.74%,而冬季氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为54.07%和48.84%。相比单级潜流人工湿地(OSSFW),有SSFW作为前处理的潜流人工湿地对氨氮和总氮的去除率较高。     

Damage to DNA caused by UV-B radiation in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum and the effects of exogenous chemicals on the process

Radiation with UV-B increased the damage to DNA in Scytonema javanicum, a desert-dwelling soil microorganism, and the level of damage varied with the intensity of UV-B radiation and duration of exposure. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased because of the radiation. Different exogenous chemicals (ascorbate acid, ASC; N-acetylcysteine, NAC; glyphosate, GPS; and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, MCPA-Na) differed in their effect on the extent of DNA damage and ROS production: whereas NAC and ASC protected the DNA from damage and resulted in reduced ROS production, the herbicides (GPS and MCPA-Na) increased the extent of damage, lowered the rate of photosynthesis, and differed in their effect on ROS production. The chemicals probably have different mechanisms to exercise their effects: NAC and ASC probably function as antioxidant agents or as precursors of other antioxidant molecules that protect the DNA and photosynthetic apparatus directly from the ROS produced as a result of UV-B radiation, and GPS and MCPA-Na probably disrupt the normal metabolism in S. javanicum to induce the leaking of ROS into the photosynthetic electron transfer pathway following UV-B radiation, and thereby damage the DNA. Such mechanisms have serious implications for the use of environment-friendly herbicides, which, because they can destroy DNA, may prove harmful to soil microorganisms.     

Relevant parameters for assessing the environmental impact of some pyridinium, ammonium and pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids

Several physico-chemical properties relevant to determine the environmental impact of ionic liquids - aqueous solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient, chromatographically derived lipophilicity and infinite dilution diffusion coefficients in water - were measured in ionic liquids based on pyridinium, ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions. The influence of the presence of hydroxyl or ester groups in the physico-chemical properties of these liquids was checked. It appeared that the presence of functional oxygenated moieties reduces the lipophilicity of ionic liquids and so decreases the risk of bioaccumulation in environment.     

LiFePO_4非均相Fenton法处理亚甲基蓝染料的研究

采用水热法制备出LiFePO4催化剂,通过电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）对其进行表征,并将其作为非均相Fenton催化剂处理亚甲基蓝（MB）染料溶液。实验结果表明,在催化剂用量为4 g/L,H2O2浓度为0.04 mol/L,pH值为3,温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min的条件下,浓度为500 mg/L的亚甲基蓝脱色率达99%。根据实验结果,讨论了LiFePO4作为非均相Fenton催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解机理。     

废弃油基钻井液无害化处理技术与工艺进展

文章分析了近几年国内外废弃油基钻井液处理技术的研究进展,重点介绍了热解吸技术、摩擦热解吸技术、超临界流体萃取技术、化学反应-强化分离+无害化处理技术、超声波与化学破乳剂相结合技术以及除油剂-闪蒸回收技术等。分别对其处理废弃油基钻井液的作用原理、主要过程、处理效率及技术优缺点进行阐述,并对各种技术的优缺点进行了比较。     

含硫化氢油田地面工程设计实践与认识

文章分析了硫化氢(H2S)的危害,提出了含H2S油田地面工程设计思路。在长庆油田现有工艺流程的基础上,针对硫化氢的危害,通过采用地面工艺全流程密闭、选用抗硫工艺设备、管材等工艺技术,实现油田安全清洁生产,确保油田安全、高效开发。     

Burial of terrestrial and marine organic carbon in Jiaozhou Bay: different responses to urbanization

Organic geochemical proxies (OC, OC/TN, δ¹³C, and lignin oxidation products) were measured in a 271 cm long sediment core collected from central Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, to study the response of terrestrial and marine organic carbon burials to the surrounding urbanization. Terrestrial organic carbon content was constantly low from the bottom of the core to ~150 cm depth, indicating a stable and low level of terrestrial input before urbanization. Thereafter, it increased up to ~20 cm depth, suggesting that increased human activities and land-use changes during urbanization likely enhanced the flux of terrestrial organic carbon to the bay. Overall, 5–38% of the total organic carbon was terrigenous, which was derived from a mixture of woody and non-woody angiosperms and moderately degraded. Marine organic carbon content did not increase notably during urbanization. It increased from the bottom of the core to ~180 cm and stayed at high levels until it decreased in the top 20 cm. It was affected by multiple factors, including grain size and nutrient composition. These results demonstrate the different influences of urbanization on terrestrial and marine organic carbon cycles and suggest the importance of discriminating between these two organic carbon pools in the reconstruction of their historical changes.     

胶质芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉及与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe~（3＋）处理研究

研究沸石、胶质芽孢杆菌（Bacillus mucilaginosus）、黑曲霉（Aspergillus Niger）、胶质芽孢杆菌与沸石联合以及黑曲霉与沸石联合对模拟废水中Fe3＋的吸附等温曲线,分析它们对Fe3＋模拟废水的吸附及絮凝作用。结果表明：沸石对Fe3＋吸附作用符合Freundlich方程;胶质芽孢杆菌分泌含有—OH和COO-的胞外多糖,对Fe3＋具有较好的吸附效果;沸石与胶质芽孢杆菌联合对模拟废水中Fe3＋的处理,低浓度以沸石对Fe3＋的吸附为主,加入胶质芽孢杆菌絮凝剂使吸附了Fe3＋的沸石进行絮凝沉降,吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,高浓度两者共同作用使吸附量增加;黑曲霉对Fe3＋的吸附符合BET吸附等温方程;沸石与黑曲霉两者共同作用对Fe3＋模拟废水吸附等温曲线为直线。通过去除效果对比分析可知：胶质芽孢杆菌既有吸附又有絮凝功能;胶质芽孢杆菌絮凝剂无论是对Fe3＋的吸附还是对吸附Fe3＋沸石的絮凝都比黑曲霉对Fe3＋处理效果好;胶质芽孢杆菌和一些非金属矿物复合处理污染废水是一种无毒、低成本环保的处理方法,本研究将为它们在工程中的应用提供实践依据。     

利用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液

废弃油基钻井液因其含有油类、重金属、有机物等污染物,属国家危险废弃物,处理难度大.通过大量室内实验研究,首次采用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液,研制了新型清油剂和无害化处理药剂,回收了废弃油基钻井液中的油类,油回收率达90%以上.回收油的品质好,除机械杂质和灰分指标外,所测的几项指标均达到GB252-200...