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61.
Brändli RC Kupper T Bucheli TD Zennegg M Huber S Ortelli D Müller J Schaffner C Iozza S Schmid P Berger U Edder P Oehme M Stadelmann FX Tarradellas J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(5):465-472
Compost and digestate are important recycling fertilizers and have beneficial effects on soil parameters. However, they can contain significant amounts of organic pollutants. Here, the first comprehensive data set on dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCB), brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), pesticides, phthalates, nonylphenol and chlorinated paraffins (CP) in source-separated compost and digestate from Switzerland is presented (n = 3-18). The median summation 17PCDD/F and summation 12DL-PCB concentrations were at 3.2 ng I-TEQ kg(-1)dry weight (dw) and 3.0 ng WHO-TEQ kg(-1)dw, respectively. Brominated diphenyl ether 209 (BDE 209) accounted for 72% of the total polyBDE content (10 microg kg(-1)dw). Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) levels were at 100 and 0.51 microg kg(-1)dw, respectively. PFAS were identified for the first time in compost and digestate (median concentration 6.3 microg kg(-1)dw, summation 21compounds). Out of 269 pesticides analysed, 30 fungicides, 14 herbicides, eight insecticides and one acaricide were detected. Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) median concentration accounted for 280 microg kg(-1)dw and nonylphenol was below the detection limit of 1 mg kg(-1)dw. The sum of short and medium chain CP was between 90 and 390 microg kg(-1)dw. The concentrations observed were at or above the levels found in background soils, which are the main recipient of compost and digestate. Where actually applied, compost can contribute considerably to the total input of organic pollutants to the soil. However, on a total Swiss agricultural area base, inputs seem to be limited. 相似文献
62.
Imidacloprid (IMI) is at the moment the insecticide with the world's fastest growing sales and is considered possible replacement for the widely used organophosphorus pesticide, diazinon, which is subject to phased revocation in many countries. In this study, biochemical, reproductive and survival parameters of the water flea (Daphnia magna) after chronic exposure to IMI, its commercial liquid formulation Confidor SL 200 and diazinon are presented and compared. According to the lowest observed effect concentrations, diazinon is more toxic to the reproduction of D. magna than IMI and Confidor SL 200, which exert similar toxicity. The same was observed for the survival, except that Confidor SL 200 is more toxic than IMI. In polluted aquatic environments, the actual levels of diazinon are potentially chronically hazardous to the reproduction of D. magna (risk quotient >1). According to very few measured environmental levels of IMI, the latter is not expected to be chronically hazardous, unless it is accidentally spilled in a small pond. In such case, the predicted concentrations of IMI would present a potential chronic risk to D. magna, and a potential acute risk to other aquatic invertebrates. In the future, higher environmental levels of IMI are expected due to its increasing use and physico-chemical properties. The literature survey summarized in this work suggests that further ecotoxicological studies with a broader spectrum of aquatic organisms are needed before IMI is classified as safer than currently applied pesticides. 相似文献
63.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were applied to microsatellite data (highly variable genetic markers) to separate genetically differentiated forms of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in south-western France. A classic feed-forward network with one hidden layer was used. Training was performed using a back-propagation algorithm and reference samples representing the different genetic types. The hold-out and the leave-one-out procedures were used to test the validity of the network. They were chosen according to the populations and the questions analysed. The informative content of the different variables used for the distinction (the alleles of the different loci) was also evaluated using the Garson–Goh algorithm. The results of learning gave high percentages of well-classified individuals (up to 95% for the test with the hold-out analysis). This confirms that ANNs are suitable for such genetic analyses of populations. From a biological point of view, the study enabled evaluation of the genetic composition and differentiation of different river populations and of the impact of stocking. 相似文献
64.
Ozone risk assessment for plants: central role of metabolism-dependent changes in reducing power 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dizengremel P Le Thiec D Bagard M Jolivet Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(1):11-15
The combination of stomatal-dependent ozone flux and total ascorbate level is currently presented as a correct indicator for determining the degree of sensitivity of plants to ozone. However, the large changes in carbon metabolism could play a central role in the strategy of the foliar cells in response to chronic ozone exposure, participating in the supply of reducing power and carbon skeletons for repair and detoxification, and modifying the stomatal mode of functioning. To reinforce the accuracy of the definition of the threshold for ozone risk assessment, it is proposed to also consider the redox pool (NAD(P)H), the ratio between carboxylases and the water use efficiency as indicators of the differential ozone tolerance of plants. 相似文献
65.
Didier Brunet Thierry Woignier Magalie Lesueur-Jannoyer Raphaël Achard Luc Rangon Bernard G. Barths 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3120-3125
Chlordecone is a toxic organochlorine insecticide that was used in banana plantations until 1993 in the French West Indies. This study aimed at assessing the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining chlordecone content in Andosols, Nitisols and Ferralsols from Martinique. Using partial least square regression, chlordecone content conventionally determined through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry could be correctly predicted by NIRS (Q2 = 0.75, R2 = 0.82 for the total set), especially for samples with chlordecone content <12 mg kg−1 or when the sample set was rather homogeneous (Q2 = 0.91, R2 = 0.82 for the Andosols). Conventional measures and NIRS predictions were poorly correlated for chlordecone content >12 mg kg−1, nevertheless ca. 80% samples were correctly predicted when the set was divided into three or four classes of chlordecone content. Thus NIRS could be considered a time- and cost-effective method for characterising soil contamination by chlordecone. 相似文献
66.
Imad El Haddad Nicolas Marchand Julien Dron Brice Temime-Roussel Etienne Quivet Henri Wortham Jean Luc Jaffrezo Christine Baduel Didier Voisin Jean Luc Besombes Gregory Gille 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(39):6190-6198
A study to characterize primary particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) from the French vehicular fleet was conducted during winter 2008, in a tunnel in Marseille, France. The carbonaceous fraction represents 70% of the aerosol mass and elemental carbon fraction (EC) represent 60% of the carbonaceous fraction. The organic carbon OC was characterized in term of its water soluble fraction, functionalization rate and HULIS content. Seventy trace organic compounds including alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), petroleum biomarkers and carboxylic acids were also quantified, in order to determine an organic emission profile for chemical mass balance modeling studies. Such source profiles were still missing in Europe and particularly in France. The profile obtained in this study is consistent with profiles determined in tunnel or dynamometer studies performed in other countries during the last ten years. These results suggest that organic compounds profiles from vehicular exhaust emissions are not significantly influenced by the geographic area and are thus suitable for use in aerosol source apportionment modeling applied across extensive regions. The chemical profile determined here is very similar to those obtained for diesel emissions with high concentrations of EC relative to OC (EC/OC = 1.8) and low concentrations of the higher molecular weight PAH. These results are consistent with the high proportion of diesel vehicles in the French fleet (49%). 相似文献
67.
Didier ORTELLI Patrick EDDER Joelle NANCOZ Claude CORVI 《环境化学》2007,26(3):413-414
如今水环境中有机污染物对环境的影响已经远远超过以往.农业中广泛使用的农药往往会造成残留而污染土壤和地表水.目前,大多数水源都受到农药的污染,却仍然用于生产饮用水. 相似文献
68.
Rousseau Jean-François Orange Didier Habich-Sobiegalla Sabrina Van Thiet Nguyen 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(8):2409-2419
Regional Environmental Change - Research on hydropower development has shown that a diversity of social and environmental impacts of dams is distributed unevenly among various state and corporate... 相似文献
69.
Olvera-Vargas Hugo Leroy Sébastien Rivard Michael Oturan Nihal Oturan Mehmet Buisson Didier 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22691-22700
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some widely prescribed drugs are sparsely metabolized and end up in the environment. They can thus be a focal point of ecotoxicity, either themselves... 相似文献
70.
Natalie Amoin Kouamé Didier Robert Valérie Keller Nicolas Keller Charlotte Pham Patrick Nguyen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):3727-3734