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71.
Renat Heuberger Alan Brent Luis Santos Christoph Sutter Dieter Imboden 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(1):33-48
Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, industrialised countries may finance greenhouse gases mitigation
projects in developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol explicitly requires that the CDM shall assist developing countries to
achieve sustainable development. However, a clear definition of sustainability for CDM projects is still debatable. MATA-CDM
(Multi-Attributive Assessment of CDM Projects) is an approach that facilitates a quantitative assessment of potential projects
regarding their contribution to sustainable development. This paper presents applications of MATA-CDM in two different countries.
In South Africa, the application was done mainly for academic and demonstrative purposes, whereas in Uruguay it was implemented
together with the responsible Designated National Authority (DNA). The work in both countries included the selection of sustainability
criteria and measurable indicators. Experts weighted the criteria using personal interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop.
This method was applied to three potential CDM projects in South Africa and one in Uruguay. Results show that under the conditions
of this study, the MATA-CDM approach yet fails to yield a perfect quantitative overall sustainability assessment of CDM projects
but that several findings could be useful to further develop the approach with the aim to translate the vague term sustainable development to a mainstream project level. Valuable experience was in particular collected with different stakeholder processes to perform
criteria weighting. 相似文献
72.
Dieter Zissler 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1966,53(21):561-561
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Evidence suggesting that job satisfaction is caused by individual dispositions is reviewed, and stability coefficients for job satisfaction in previous studies are analysed with a meta‐analytic procedure. Previous longitudinal studies analysing job changer samples imply an upper limit estimate of 0.51 for direct dispositional influences on job satisfaction. A study of job changers considering the stability of working conditions suggests that this estimate has to be considerably corrected downwards. At present, it is concluded that it is more likely that dispositions indirectly affect job satisfaction via selection and self‐selection processes. Implications for job satisfaction as a tool for organizational assessment are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A growing awareness of increasing trends in coastal erosion and flooding due to climate change is triggering a demand for the rapid assessment of the potential responses of the coastlines around the world, principally in locations where human occupation is especially endangered. Investigations of present and future physical vulnerability and associated social risk have, therefore, become crucial for coastal management. In order to provide a quick and simple methodology for the identification of vulnerable coastal segments, Sharples (2006) has proposed a mapping methodology, called the smartline approach, which consists of representing, by means of simple lines, a geomorphic classification of the hinterland, backshore and beaches. The aim of this paper is to apply the smartline approach to coastal vulnerability assessment with inclusion of social data. The results show that this methodology is appropriate for the indication of coastal segments with varying degrees of vulnerability to erosion and flooding and for the appraisal of the resulting social risk. 相似文献
80.
Future atmospheric CO2 levels will most likely have complex consequences for marine organisms, particulary photosynthetic calcifying organisms.
Corallina officinalis L. is an erect calcifying macroalga found in the inter- and subtidal regions of temperate rocky coastlines and provides important
substrate and refugia for marine meiofauna. The main goal of the current study was to determine the physiological responses
of C. officinalis to increased CO2 concentrations expected to occur within the next century and beyond. Our results show that growth and production of inorganic
material decreased under high CO2 levels, while carbonic anhydrase activity was stimulated and negatively correlated to algal inorganic content. Photosynthetic
efficiency based on oxygen evolution was also negatively affected by increased CO2. The results of this study indicate that C. officinalis may become less competitive under future CO2 levels, which could result in structural changes in future temperate intertidal communities. 相似文献