基于高密度电法的潮汐作用对潍坊滨海地下水影响分析

本文利用高密度电法连续监测数据,基于统计学方法对潍坊滨海典型海水入侵区地层电阻率随潮汐作用的时空动态变化进行研究,结果表明:在地层沉积均匀的滨海地区,无论单次测量还是重复测量,地层电阻率值只在垂直方向上具有显著差异性。潜水面附近地层电阻率受潮汐影响最为明显,因此,利用高密度电法连续测量的方法分析滨海地区地下水随潮汐作用时空变化的方法是可行的。     

Ca/Mg负载改性沼渣生物炭对水中磷的吸附特性

为处理含磷废水和实现沼渣资源化利用,将农业废弃物沼渣制备成生物炭(ZZs),通过Ca Cl2和MgCl2溶液对其进行浸渍改性,探究改性沼渣生物炭(CMZZs)对水体中磷的吸附特征.结果表明,改性后沼渣生物炭钙镁含量分别是改性前的1. 3和15. 4倍; SEM-EDS、BET、FTIR和XRD等测定表明,改性未改变生物炭表面化学官能团种类,但改性后生物炭出现新的衍射峰,与标准卡片对比后认为可能存在Mg(OH)_2、MgO等物质.当温度为303 K,溶液pH为9. 0时,CMZZs最大吸附量为76. 92 mg·g~(-1),是改性前的30. 1倍.等温吸附实验数据符合Freundlich方程,为多层吸附.吸附动力学分析发现,改性后生物炭在100 min内基本达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合假二级动力学方程,以化学吸附为主.上述结果说明钙镁改性沼渣生物炭对于去除水中磷具有潜在价值.     

基于生物光学模型的巢湖悬浮物浓度反演

根据2009年6月巢湖32个样点实测的遥感反射率、悬浮物浓度、吸收系数及散射系数等数据,分析巢湖水体各组分的吸收、散射等固有光学特性,确定悬浮颗粒物单位散射系数、后向散射概率等固有光学参数,构建基于生物光学模型的悬浮物浓度反演模型,并利用准同步获取的环境1号卫星CCD影像数据反演巢湖悬浮物浓度.结果表明,555 nm处悬浮颗粒物单位散射系数的平均值为0.48 m2/g,以555 nm为参考波长,建立指数衰减模型对悬浮颗粒物单位散射系数进行参数化,模型的决定系数可以达到0.99;此外,在760～900 nm(Band4)范围内,后向散射概率不具有波长依赖,其值稳定在0.051.利用所得到的表观及固有光学量构建巢湖水体遥感反射率模型,反演巢湖悬浮物浓度,得到实测值与反演值之间的相对误差随着浓度的增加而呈现下降的趋势,平均相对误差为17.25%,由此表明该方法适用于反演悬浮物浓度较高的湖泊水体;利用两景环境1号卫星CCD影像数据反演得到的巢湖悬浮物浓度主要在0～100 mg/L之间变化,其中6月13日巢湖悬浮物浓度40 mg/L的水域占到总面积的54.37%,而6月15日巢湖61.62%的水域悬浮物浓度40 mg/L,且这2 d巢湖悬浮物的分布与当时的气候变化一致.     

EGSB反应器处理丙烯酸废水的试验研究

采用厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床（EGSB）进行丙烯酸废水的处理，考察了自制的EGSB反应器菌种驯化和容积负荷提高两阶段的一些运行参数，并对试验过程中出现的问题进行了探讨。为期96 d的试验表明，当进水COD在3 000 mg/L左右时，去除率可达90%以上；当进水COD在5 000 mg/L左右时，去除率可达85%以上，COD容积负荷可达到10 kg/m3·d以上，且出水可满足后续好氧工段处理的要求。     

中亚热带木兰科基因库营建技术研究

本文介绍了中亚热带木兰科基因库营建技术和方法;经过多年收集,基因库共栽培木兰科植物7属82种,通过对木兰科植物幼树生长结果的分析,认为在82种中长势尚好者有33种,生长优良者有14种;据此,确定了16种优良用材树种和34种优良园林绿化树种。     

Efficient degradation of lube oil by a mixed bacterial consortium

A laboratory study was performed to assess the biodegradation of lube oil in bio-reactor with 304# stainless steel as a biofilm carrier. Among 164 oil degrading bacterial cultures isolated from oil contaminated soil samples, Commaonas acidovorans Px1, Bacillus sp. Px2, Pseudomonas sp. Px3 were selected to prepare a mixed consortium for the study based on the efficiency of lube oil utilization. The percentage of oil degraded by the mixed bacterial consortium decreased slightly from 99% to 97.2% as the concentration of lube oil was increased from 2000 to 10,000 mg/L. The degradation of TDOC (total dissolved organic carbon) showed a similar tendency compared with lube oil removal, which indicated that the intermediates in degradation process hardly accumulated. Selected mixed bacterial consortium showed their edge compared to activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos showed that biofilms on stainless steel were robust and with a dimensional framework constructed by EPS (extracellular polymeric substances), which could promote the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. The increase of biofilm followed first-order kinetics with rate of 0.216 μg glucose/(cm2·day) in logarithm phase. With analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with removal of lube oil and TDOC, mixed bacterial consortium could degrade benzene and its derivatives, aromatic ring organic matters with a percentage over 97%.     

Effect of pyrene on denitrification activity and abundance and composition of denitrifying community in an agricultural soil

Toxicity of pyrene on the denitrifiers was studied by spiking an agricultural soil with pyrene to a series of concentrations (0-500 mg kg⁻¹) followed by dose-response and dynamic incubation experiments. Results showed a positive correlation between potential denitrification activity and copy numbers of denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ), and were both negatively correlated with pyrene concentrations. Based on the comparison of EC₅₀ values, denitrifiers harboring nirK, nirS or nosZ gene were more sensitive than denitrification activity, and denitrifiers harboring nirS gene were more sensitive than that harboring nirK or nosZ genes. Seven days after spiking with EC₅₀ concentration of pyrene, denitrifiers diversity decreased and community composition changed in comparison with the control. Phylogenetic analyses of three genes showed that the addition of pyrene increased the proportion of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhodospirillales, Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales. Some species belonging to these groups were reported to be able to degrade PAHs.     

关于小城镇产业发展问题的思考

小城镇建设与产业发展关系密切。研究小城镇必须研究小城镇的产业发展问题。本文分析了我国小城镇产业发展的现状，指出了小城镇产业发展存在的问题，并提出了小城镇产业发展的原则和对策。     

Hydrological Variability and Uncertainty of Lower Missouri River Basin Under Changing Climate

The lower Missouri River Basin has experienced increasing streamflow and flooding events, with higher risk of extreme hydrologic impacts under changing climate. The newly available North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) climate projections were used as atmospheric forcing for Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model which runs with varying potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods to assess the hydrological change and uncertainty of 2040‐2069 over 1968‐1997. The NARCCAP temperature and precipitation predictions were refined using a bias correction method. The results show that, following the seasonal variability of precipitation, various water fluxes would increase in most seasons except the summer. Expected precipitation tends to increase in intensity with little change in frequency, triggering faster surface water concentration to form floods. The greatest streamflow increase would occur from November to February, increasing by around 10% on average. An increase of 3% occurs in the other months except for July and August in which river discharge decreases by around 2%. The climate predictions contribute more uncertainty annually, but PET algorithms gain more influence in winter or when other weather factors such as wind play a relatively more important role on evapotranspiration flux. This study predicts an even wetter environment compared to the historically very wet period, with the possibility of more flooding.     

电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟对多氯联苯的累积及风险评估

粗犷的电子垃圾拆解活动已造成当地野生生物多氯联苯(PCBs)严重污染,但PCBs在野生鸟类中的生物累积特征及潜在的毒害作用研究较少。本研究采集了广东省某电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟(Alcedo atthis)及其食物(各种小型鱼类)样品,研究翠鸟对PCBs的累积特征、生物放大效应及毒性风险。翠鸟肌肉中PCBs中值含量为220μg·g~(-1)脂重,比其他报道值高1~3个数量级。计算的生物放大因子(BMF)显示,大部分PCB单体的BMF值都大于1,表明翠鸟对PCBs具有生物放大效应。计算的共面PCBs毒性当量(TEQs)范围为39~23 600 pg·g~(-1)湿重,已经达到或超过了影响某些鸟类生殖或发育障碍的报道值。上述结果表明,电子垃圾拆卸活动已经造成了当地翠鸟PCBs严重污染,PCBs污染物对电子垃圾拆解地翠鸟及其他野生生物的毒性效应尚需进一步研究。