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361.
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氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO NPs)是目前应用最为广泛的纳米材料之一,已有研究表明其对生物体具有显著的毒性效应。为了研究ZnO NPs的毒性与种子发育阶段的关系,选择小麦(Triticum aestivum L)作为受试植物,将处于不同发育阶段的小麦种子置入ZnO NPs悬浮液中进行培养,研究了ZnO NPs对水培小麦种子不同发育阶段的影响。结果表明,虽然ZnO NPs对处于吸胀阶段、萌动阶段和发芽阶段的小麦都可以产生毒性,但是毒性的大小随小麦发育阶段的不同而表现出明显的差异(P0.05)。在60 mg·L-1暴露浓度下,用ZnO NPs对处于吸胀阶段、萌动阶段和发芽阶段的小麦种子进行处理,小麦根长的抑制率分别为37.8%、80.2%和95.7%;就萌动阶段和发芽阶段而言,ZnO NPs的毒性与其浓度有关,浓度越大毒性越大,即具有显著的浓度效应。上述研究结果对于全面准确地评价ZnO NPs毒性具有重要的意义。 相似文献
363.
The use of coarse recycled concrete aggregates (CRCA) in conjunction with fine recycled concrete aggregates (FRCA) as sub-base materials has been widely studied. Although research results indicate that it is feasible to employ both CRCA and FRCA as granular sub-base, the influence of the unhydrated cement in the adhered mortar of the RCA on the properties of the sub-base materials has not been thoroughly studied. Generally, it is known that the strength of the sub-base materials prepared with RCA increases over time. However, this mechanism, known as the self-cementing properties, is not well understood and is believed to be governed by the properties of the fine portion of the RCA (<5mm). This paper presents an investigation on the cause of the self-cementing properties by measuring X-ray diffraction patterns, pH values, compressive strength and permeability of various size fractions of the FRCA obtained from a commercially operated construction and demolition waste recycling plant. Their influence on the overall sub-base materials was determined. The results indicate that the size fractions of <0.15 and 0.3-0.6mm (active fractions) were most likely to be the principal cause of the self-cementing properties of the FRCA. However, the effects on the properties of the overall RCA sub-base materials were minimal if the total quantity of the active fractions was limited to a threshold by weight of the total fine aggregate. 相似文献
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365.
基于“红色村落”概念内涵界定,以湖南省262个乡村红色旅游景区(点)为数据样本,综合运用数理建模和GIS空间分析方法,定量刻画了全省红色村落空间分布格局及可达性特征。结果表明:(1)全省红色村落呈集聚型分布状态,不同空间板块或行政单元红色村落分布非均衡性特征突出,集聚强度具有随尺度距离增加而不断弱化的“空间衰减”规律;(2)红色村落整体呈“大分散、小集聚”分布格局,全省存在三大高密度集聚区以及多个红色村落跨界连绵集群组团,长征沿线、湘鄂赣及湘粤赣边区等形成多个“中低密度”集聚片区;(3)红色村落通行时间平均值为221.58 min,标准差为42.75,可达性整体状况不理想,且内部差异显著,可达性水平稳健性欠佳,不同可达时段内红色村落数理分布近似于呈“金字塔”状结构;(4)红色村落可达性空间分布呈现“中心-外围”结构特征,省际边缘区形成多个交通可达性低谷,与其核密度格局存在“空间错位性”,且具有沿交通干线分布的指向特征。最后,提出了优化红色村落可达性格局、驱动交通区位重构和推进红色旅游开发的对策建议。 相似文献
366.
酸析-Fenton试剂氧化-混凝法处理制浆废水 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用酸析-Fenton试剂氧化-混凝法对自偶氧化清洁制浆废水进行预处理,考察了各种因素对处理效果的影响。最佳处理条件:酸析时的废水pH为3.0;酸析后上层清液无需调节pH,加水稀释至COD为2000mg/L后进行Fenton试剂氧化,H2O2加入量为84.56mmol/L,FeS04加入量为8.44mmol/L,反应时间60min;混凝时Ca(OH):加入量为2g/L。最终出水的COD为577.20mg/L(COD去除率为71.14%),色度为36倍,pH为8.60。 相似文献
367.
Occurrence of arsenic in brown rice and its relationship to soil properties from Hainan Island, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fu Y Chen M Bi X He Y Ren L Xiang W Qiao S Yan S Li Z Ma Z 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1757-1762
The acquaintance of arsenic concentrations in rice grain is vital in risk assessment. In this study, we determined the concentration of arsenic in 282 brown rice grains sampled from Hainan Island, China, and discussed its possible relationships to the considered soil properties. Arsenic concentrations in the rice grain from Hainan Island varied from 5 to 309 μg/kg, with a mean (92 μg/kg) lower than most published data from other countries/regions and the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Asi in rice. The result of correlation analysis between grain and soil properties showed that grain As concentrations correlated significantly to soil arsenic speciation, organic matter and soil P contents and could be best predicted by humic acid bound and Fe-Mn oxides bound As fractions. Grain arsenic rises steeply at soil As concentrations lower than 3.6 mg/kg and gently at higher concentrations. 相似文献
368.
Cui N Zhang X Xie Q Wang S Chen J Huang L Qiao X Li X Cai X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):609-615
Transformation products usually differ in environmental behaviors and toxicological properties from the parent contaminants, and probably cause potential risks to the environment. Toxicity evolution of a labile preservative, bronopol, upon primary aquatic degradation processes was investigated. Bronopol rapidly hydrolyzed in natural waters, and primarily produced more stable 2-bromo-2-nitroethanol (BNE) and bromonitromethane (BNM). Light enhanced degradation of the targeted compounds with water site specific photoactivity. The bond order analysis theoretically revealed that the reversible retroaldol reactions were primary degradation routes for bronopol and BNE. Judging from toxicity assays and the relative pesticide toxicity index, these degradation products (i.e., BNE and BNM), more persistent and higher toxic than the parent, probably accumulated in natural waters and resulted in higher or prolonging adverse impacts. Therefore, these transformation products should be included into the assessment of ecological risks of non-persistent and low toxic chemicals such as the preservative bronopol. 相似文献
369.
Baowen Lou Diego Maria Barbieri Marco Passavanti Cang Hui Akshay Gupta Inge Hoff Daniela Antunes Lessa Gaurav Sikka Kevin Chang Kevin Fang Louisa Lam Brij Maharaj Navid Ghasemi Yaning Qiao Solomon Adomako Ali Foroutan Mirhosseini Bhaven Naik Arunabha Banerjee Fusong Wang Andrew Tucker Zhuangzhuang Liu Kasun Wijayaratna Sahra Naseri Lei Yu Hao Chen Benan Shu Shubham Goswami Prince Peprah Amir Hessami Montasir Abbas Nithin Agarwal 《Ambio》2022,51(3):531
As largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01574-2. 相似文献
370.